To What Extent And Why Did German Nationalism Change Between 1789 And 1840?

German patriotism did stir between 1789 and 1840, regarding their aims, characteristics and demographics, but only to some extent. The changes and continuation of patriotism were essentially change by the international context and the national divisors which twain stimulated and stagnated German nationalism end-to-end the period. Although the nationalists may have not come upond their ultimate aim for governmental unity by 1840, the events during this period had thus strengthened the pagan well.The aims of the nationalists did change, but the change and continuity depended on the domestic situation and were influenced by the international context. The initial aim of the nationalists was to have cultural unity and the idea of a grossdeutcheland. They hoped to achieve a German identity through sharing the same language and taste in art, belles-lettres and music. The nationalists were inspired by the words of Hegel and his idea of the volksgeist and Fichtes principle of Ger man transcendence and the fatherland.The entrust for cultural unity remained and continued from 1789, as s sustain in the Wartburg Festival in 1817 where they created the German Lutzow Freikorps flag, and this was in any case carried out in the Hambach fete 1932. Moreover, the location of it cosmos the refuge of Martin Luther is signifi erectt and to the nationalists, it gives a historic stern to Germany. Although cultural unity wasnt the main aim later on, the events of the Battle of Leipzig 1813 and peculiarly the Rhine Crisis in 1840, did inadvertently deepen the cultural well.The item that Theirs claimed that the Rhineland, which became a historic ground for the Germans after the war of liberation, was Frances natural border, intensified the cultural well. The Rhine crisis attacked the nationalists market-gardening and historic past, and thus led to the Rhine song movement. Beckers popular poem became unattached for e reallyone to read, and this widespread ness strengt hened the cultural unity. Hence the international factors didnt change their aim for cultural unity, but helped enhance it.Another fundamental aim of the German nationalists is to have political unity in the Deutsche Bund by amending the structure of the Bund organization. They desire a constitution in each state, and although this exists in Bavaria, Wurttemberg and Baden, the main states Prussia and Austria do not adopt this system. The formation of the Deutsche Bund (German Confederation) in 1815 after the War of electric arc made the nationalists against the Bund and its system because it was reactionary.This sparked ideas about liberalism and penurying a constitution, and this began to be explicit in the Wartburg Festival in 1817 where they burnt effigies and created manifestos. Before the creation of the Bund the nationalists didnt want political unity, and the freikorps were battle for their nation. However, the creation of the bund had changed their aims into wanting poli tical unity. Nevertheless, the nationalists were re unyieldinged from achieving their aim, because they were being repressed by the Carlsbad decrees 1819 created by the Bund in result of Wartburg.This meant that the nationalists could not openly attack the Bund, had no rights of association and were prevented from writing manifestos. They were further repressed by the 6 Acts 1834 in response to Hambach, and so this repression prevented the nationalists from changing and trying to achieve their aims. Hence the political context restricted the nationalists and so thither was a decennium of no change. However, it wasnt until the Rhine crisis which allowed the nationalists to express themselves more since the Bund appeased them and allowed Beckers popular poem to be published in every newspaper, available to all.This to some was seen as a turning point or a big change as the Bund was supporting the nationalists to some extent, but only because the nationalists were not against the Bund. This could suggest that although the nationalists didnt be intimate to make changes to the political system, they did change and improve the relationship between them and the Bund. Thus, the political context did stagnate and restrict the nationalist movement in terms of their aims, but it did help them achieve cultural unity. The characteristics of the nationalists indeed changed from 1879- 1840.The French rotary motion in 1789 inspired the nationalists into having liberal ideas, which the Bund were reactionary to. This reactionary and conservative system made the nationalists anti-establishment, since they rejected the French ideas of having constitutions, freedom of speech and press and rights to vote. This liberalism was shown in both Wartburg and Hambach where they created their manifesto of demands to reform the government, and this anti- establishment continued throughout this period. It can be said that theRhine Crisis proves there to be a relationship create with the n ationalists and the Bund since Metternich sympathised the nationalists, they even so remained anti-establishment. Although the nationalists were inspired by French ideas, they were always hostile to France. This was because of the never-ending intervention and triumph of France, with the Treaty of Tilsit 1807 on Prussia after Battle of Jena and Auerstedt, and in particular the War of Liberation 1815 which was fought on the Rhineland, and finally the Rhine Crisis 1840.France has always remained a national enemy in the eyes of both the Bund and the nationalists, and this hostility intensifies particularly in 1840 when Theirs claims the Rhineland is Frances natural borders and sends troops there. Hence France is a key factor to wherefore the characteristics of the nationalists have bideed the same and changed. One key change moreover is the deportment and method of the nationalists. As a result of the repression from the Carlsbad decrees 1819 and the 6 Acts 1834, the nationalists were very limited and restricted as they couldnt express their demands openly, as there was strict censorship.Thus this lead to romanticism, where underlying political messages were hidden in art lit and music. Frances interference in the Rhine Crisis influenced the Rhine song movement , as since the nationalists were under censorship, they expressed themselves romantically. Thus, the characteristics and behaviour of the nationalists did change through romanticism, but their ideas of anti-establishment and hostility to France continued, and all were effected by France and the political context.In hindsight, the demographics of the nationalist movement may seem to grow and stupefy widespread, but in reality it essentially stayed the same. The nationalists primarily consisted of middle-class educate bourgeoisie students and lecturers who were referred to as the burschenschaft. There were only 1,000 burschenschaft out of 10,000 students in the German Confederation, and so the initi al scale of how many nationalists there were is very piffling compared to the general size of the population.During the War of Liberation, only 12% of those who fought were freikorps who fought for the German nation, whilst the others were conscripted soldiers fighting only for their monarchy. Hence this proves that the demographics in the beginning was very small, and so nationalism was not very known or popular. The nationalists hoped to gain more supporters by having discussion circles and gymnastic societies. Nonetheless, in the Wartburg festival, merely 500 burschenschaft members attended, again screening how not many tidy sum shared the same nationalist ideas.Perhaps this was because of the disarrangement of the Wartburg festival, as the burschenschaft did not productively state what they want to do, but rather complained about the current Bund, making it difficult for others to understand their true aims. In contrast to Hambach 1832 however, there was a big increase in attending of 20-30,000 people. This was seen to be the most popular political festival. Conversely, a lot of the people who attended were peasants who were most likely there to sell food for their own economic reasons, not for the political side to it.Also, although Hambach seemed to be more nonionic than Wartburg, only the literates could understand and read the invitations, and so again it seems that only the educated middle class burschenschaft were exposed to the political agenda, not the illiterates who made up almost most of the population. Again, it wasnt until the Rhine crisis did the demographics change a little. The fact that an average, unknown act clerk wrote the poem in September 1840, makes it more relatable to the public which is why it was widespread.The Bund allowed the poem to be published in every German newspaper, which also means that more people were becoming literate and so there was more support and ideas spread faster across the regions. This could have af fected the demographics, in increasing but not as much since it was still lead by the middle class burschenschaft. What limits the nationalists into achieving their aims is that they have no unsnarl leader, and so perhaps if there was one, the ideas could become more widespread, hence in one case step further to achieving their aims.The demographics does in essence stay the same throughout the period, it being the very few educated middle class. In conclusion, German Nationalism did change in terms of their romantic behaviour and political and cultural aims, and the key factors to why these changes occurred was mainly the influence of France, and the political changes inside the Bund. Yet, their ideas and characteristics of being hostile to France and remaining antiestablishment and the small scale of demographics continued to stay the same from 1789-1840 because of the repression in result of censorship, and again French intervening.It seems that throughout this period, a pattern has emerged where the nationalists create a festival or event, which leads to repression and a decade of censorship. This repression lead to the change in behaviour, where they expressed their ideas through romanticism create their cultural well and then Frances influence leads to the cycle occurring again. However, we cannot ignore the fact that, although the nationalists may have not achieved their political aims, the events through this period has unquestionably built upon their cultural well, and so had achieved cultural unity to some extent, and this is a change.