Investigating Number of Stomata on a Leaf

Lab Design Investigate the effect of a factor on the number of stomata of a jerk. Research Question How do differing hitch high school affect the number/ compactness of stomata of a hitch? supposition Stomata atomic number 18 pores, typic altogethery found under the leaf ( belittleder carapace), that control the splatter exchange of transpiration, where water vapor leaves the plants, and carbon dioxide enters. I predict that the stomatous parsimoniousness on high leafs is higher than on first-class honours degree leafs. During photosynthesis the chloroplasts in the leaf prison cells synthesize ATP from ADP as a moment of exposure to slack, while type O is developd as a by-product of the photosynthetic reaction.Carbon dioxide, which enters the plant through diffusion via the stomata, is needed for this sojourn on (photosynthesis) to occur. When the chloroplasts in the leafs cell is exposed to higher light intensities, to a greater extent ATP is synthesized from AD P, while employment of the by-product oxygen also increases. This increase in the rate of photosynthesis calls for more fuel, i. e. Carbon dioxide. So for a higher concentration of carbon dioxide to diffuse into the plant, the plant must grow a greater stomatal density (higher number of stomata).This ordain create a larger outdoors bea for carbon dioxide diffusion, the excretion of water vapor (transpiration) and the large amounts of oxygen being produced. As the higher leafs are exposed to higher light intensities I predict the stomatal density to be high. Lower leafs are exposed to unhopefuler light intensities due to, for example, shading by realize leafs, and will so have a lower stomatal density than high leafs. unsettleds Controlled Type of plant- The type of plant that is going to be apply will stay the same, i. e. controlled.The type of plant that is used for this experiment is called genus Quercus Ilex. Amount of leafs (10 high leafs, 10 low leafs)- the ensure fair footraceing the number of leaves tried and true from each variable will be the same. Apparatus used- Same implant up each cartridge holder. Microscope exaggeration (400x)- Magnification at which the number of stomata will be counted at is at a magnification of 400x. Independent Variable Leaf Source- The leaf citation regarding to the high and low leafs is the variable which will be changed to test the difference in number of stomata of the two variables.Distance between high/low leafs- The outdistance between the height at which low and at which high leaves were picked each time had to be of a minimum of 20cm to ensure plausible results. Lower epidermis of leaf used to count stomatal density- Because Quercus Ilex is a dicotyledonous plant, the number of stomata on the lower epidermis will be higher than on the upper epidermis. This is because dicotyledonous plants hold up their leaves horizontally, which at once illuminates the lower epidermis. So, to prevent water loss, few er stomata will then be located on the upper epidermis. Dependent VariableStomatal niggard var.ss of high leafs Stomatal Density of low leafs Apparatus/Material 10 high leafs 10 low leafs behave receive polish Slides Pincette Microscope Clear Tape Calculator Method Find a leaf source that has a significant height from which you will be collecting your leafs from throughout the entire experiment. Determine a low area, of little height from the ground, on the source from which you will pick 10 low leafs. reiterate step 2, however that the area must be at an increased height distance of at least 20cm, to ensure a fair test and sight of high leafs from a higher area than that of the low leafs.Choose a leaf of which the stomatal density is to be examined but dont pick it complete the plant. This is so that the plants photosynthetic process will not be disturbed which could lead to change in the leafs natural state and affect your results. Paint a layer of soak up nail polish on t he lower epidermis of the leaf and wait until it has dried. exercise your tweezers to gently peel off the dried layer of nail polish. Gently peel the area of dried nail polish from the leaf completely. You should behold a cloudy impression of leaf surface on the piece of tape. This is the leaf impression. Place the leaf impression to a white slide.Label the slide for identification if necessary. Focus the leaf impression under a microscope magnification of 40x until it is focused and observe the leaf impression. Find an area that is leach of thumbprints, away from the edge of impression, has no damaged areas or big leaf vein impressions in view. When focused, observe the impression under an increased microscope magnification of 100x and make sure it is focused. When focused, observe the impression under an increased microscope magnification of 400x, the magnification at which you will count the number of stomata, and focus.Count the number of stomata you see in the field of view and record the number in a table under the relevant variable (high or low leaf). To ensure a fair test, repeat steps 9-13 two times by choosing a new spot on the same leaf to focus on. Use the higher number of the 2 repeats to find the average later on. Repeat steps 1-14 ten times for the 10 high leafs and 10 low leafs. Raw Data How differing leaf heights affect the number/density of stomata of a leaf One manipulation that was done to the raw selective information to help make it more useful for interpretation was the rounding off of ? Average of stomata of ?Final?.. etc? , because firstly a stomata cannot be present in the quantity of a decimal and secondly, so that when drawing the graph all numbers have the same number of significant figures which will produce a neater and more accurate graph. Processed Data How differing leaf heights affect the number/density of stomata of a leaf Magnification 400x land of View (FOV) diameter 0. 45 mm Radius (r ) 0. 225 mm rear Area (SA)/mm? N (? r? ) 3. 14 x (0. 225)? = 0. 159 mm? Leaf of stomata of mellow Leafs per 0. 159 mm? 2 Stomata) 1 2 Final 1 39 35 39 2 52 56 56 3 32 38 38 4 50 40 50 5 37 34 37 6 53 47 53 7 45 42 45 8 43 50 50 9 53 49 53 10 42 39 42 Average of stomata of Final per 0. 159 mm? 2 Stomata) 46 Graphs Graph including affect data run 1 & 2 for High and Low leafs Blue of stomata on High leafs per 0. 159 mm? , trial 1 Red of stomata on High leafs per 0. 159 mm? , trial 2 Yellow of stomata on Low leafs per 0. 159 mm? , trial 1 immature of stomata on Low leafs per 0. 159 mm? , trial 2 Graph including processed data Finals results for High and Low leafs High Leafs Mean value caper with value 46. 3, standard deviation 6. 993 Low Leafs Mean value line with value 26. 2, standard deviation 2. 3 Calculations Difference in bastardly 46. 26. 2 = 20. 1 Difference in S. D. 6. 993 2. 3 = 4. 693 Because the standard deviations are much less than the difference in the mean number of stomata, it is in truth likely that the difference in the mean number of stomata between High Leafs and Low Leafs is significant. T-TEST Null hypothesis The number of stomata on high leafs and low leafs are not different. The differences in the data sets are the result of expectation variation only and they are not really different. Mean of of stomata on High Leafs 46. 3 Mean of of stomata on Low Leafs 26. 2 t=8. 63 Degrees of freedom= (10+10)2= 18 Critical value for t=2. 101 (P= 0. 05) Conclusion