Romeo And Juliet (604 words) Essay Example For Students

Romeo And Juliet (604 words) Essay Romeo And JulietRomeo and Juliet EssayIn Shakespeares tragedies the main characters die in the end, and in his comedies people marry. Since Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy, Romeo and Juliet are going to die in the end. Some events have to lead to their deaths, and someone makes these events happen. The people who started it all and did something that led to all the other events that caused the death of the couple. The Capulets and Montagues would be the most responsible ones for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet because if their families didnt start the fighting, and they didnt continue it, nothing bad would have happened. The first lines of the book tell us about the hate and envy between the two houses. The whole fight started a long time ago with really stupid little things, and then grew into huge fights involving many people. No leader of either household even thought about making peace, they were all too busy to spoil everything for the rival family. Only after the death of their children they realized how wrong they were. Romeo and Juliet first met each other at a party at the Capulets house. They fall in love with each other at the first sight without knowing that they are from families who hate each other, and when they do learn about it, it is too late. Juliet realizes that it was a mistake to fall in love with Romeo, because he is one of the people she should watch out for. He is her first and only love, but he is an enemy of her family. Lucky for Romeo, Juliet is smart, and such dumb thing as hate between their parents wouldnt stop her from loving Romeo and getting married with him. She is sorry that their families are enemies, though, because everything would be much easier if they werent. So this is the first time when the hate between Capulets and Montagues becomes problem to Romeo and Juliets happiness. Only after their children die, the Montagues and Capulets come to their senses. The Prince accuses them of killing Romeo and Juliet. The Prince makes them see how wrong they were all the time, that all because of their hate, because they couldnt let their children love each other, Romeo and Juliet died. After that, Capulets and Montagues decide to call it quits. No more fighting, and Montague even says that he will make a gold statue of Juliet, but what is that going to do? It is too late, nothing will bring them back. It is totally Capulets and Montagues fault that Romeo and Juliet died. If they didnt hate each other so much, they would let their children get married, and they would be able to live happily ever after. There was only one person that realized how unreasonable the fighting was and even tried to stop it, and he was Benvolio. Benvolio was a Montague, but the Capulets didnt have a peacemaker like Benvolio. They only had Tybalt, whose only goal was to destroy all the Montagues. We dont really know how Romeo and Juliets parents would have reacted if they had known that their children were in love with each other. Romeo and Juliet didnt even try to tell them about love between them because they were afraid that their parents wouldnt understand, but maybe they would have. But, Capulet and Montague learned about their childrens love when they were already dead. It is still mostly Capulets and Montagues fault that Romeo and Juliet died, but maybe it was just their fate to die.

Assess the Strategic Dimensions of Apple †Free Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Assess the Strategic Dimensions of Apple. Answer: Assess the Strategic Dimensions of Apple Companies around the world use several business strategies to be able to realize their objectives. Apple inc. being of one of the most valuable companies in the world has not been left behind. I have chosen this American based company because I am familiar with it and have an in-depth understanding of its various strategic dimensions. An analysis of Apple indicates that the company relies on its generic strategy, organizational culture, and formal organizational structure to have a competitive advantage against other firms such as BlackBerry, Samsung, and LG. With a culture that puts great emphasis on excellence in product design and high rate of innovation, Apples has succeeded despite its relatively high prices. This outstanding success indicates the effectiveness of Apples strategic dimensions. Strategic Dimensions: Apples Generic Business Strategy Apples generic business strategy is based on Porters model, and it is well-aligned with the companys objectives and intensive growth strategy. This companys generic strategy is broad differentiation. Through this strategy, Apple can stand out in the market. A good illustration of how this works is the companys decision to put great emphasis on elegant design combined user-friendliness as well as high-end branding that has effectively differentiated the company (Heracleous 2013). The broad differentiation strategy enables Apple always to aim high and develop a way to stand out in the crowded global market by using key features that offer greater benefits to customers and not just pricing. The key features that Apples adds to its products, according to Heracleous (2013), helps Apple to set itself apart from its competitors include seamless connectivity and its electronic products and cutting-edge aesthetics in design (Allen Helms 2006). While the strategy has enabled Apple to be more competitive, the company still broadly reaches numerous market segments. Apple has designed products to meet the various needs of people in all its market segments. Through this strategy, it can have a broad market reach. Apple, for example, relies on its MacBook product line to reach out to individuals and business organizations as well. By engaging in similar activities, the companys broad generic strategy enables it to maintain its leadership position as high-value and high-end business (Al-Laham Huth 2011; Trefis Team 2015). The strategy has major implications on the companys strategic objectives. For Apple to effectively apply it, for example, it has to continue to put emphasis on innovation through research and development. Further, the company must develop innovative products continually to ensure it stands out against its competitors. While Apple is known for its efforts to produce innovative devices, that do not guarantee the companys success. After the introduction of new products, competitors usually study the advanced features and produce counterfeits. These new productions are sold at incredibly low prices, thereby affecting the sale of the original products negatively. If the company fails to take an appropriate action at the right time, competitors can catch up with it (Fischer et al. 2008; Arshed Pancholi 2016). Apples broad generalization strategy attempts to solve this effectively by compelling the company to innovate so as to remain ahead of the competition. For that reason, based on Apples broad differentiation generic strategy, one of the companys main strategic objectives is continuous innovation. The generic strategy also compels Apple to ensure it continuous expanding its market reach. For Apple to achieve this requirement, it must not focus on any specific market segment. Apple is competing with all market segments with other companies that operate in the same industry. Based on the generic business strategy, therefore, its other strategic objective is to expand to guarantee a broad market reach (Fischer et al. 2008; Parnell 2006). However, it is impossible to realize such expansion and business growth with intensive growth strategies. As such, Apple has aligned it a generic strategy with intensive growth strategies. Product development is Apples main intensive growth strategy. The other two important strategies are market penetration and market development. The success of Apple, partly, points to properly aligned between the companys growth intensive strategies and its strategy. Apple is strong in product development due to its effectiveness in innovation (Arshed Pancholi 2016; Transformational leadership @ Apple 2002). However, that is not enough for it to be successful. For Apple to be successful, it should put greater emphasis on market penetration and market development. By investing considerably in these two intensive growth strategies, Apple can benefit from its generic business strategy and be more resilient against aggressive competitors such and LG and Samsung (Extension of Generic Strategy 2010; Papachroni Macintosh 2015). Apples Organizational Culture Other than an effective generic strategy, Apples culture is its key factor to its success. The culture determines this companys capabilities in supporting changes as well as new strategies. Apple has ensured its employees are effectively developed and integrated into its culture, and that is central to the companys growth. While Apples culture plays a major role in the growth of the company, it also comes with certain challenges. However, so as to properly match the dynamics of the organization's business environment, Apple has been fine-tuning its culture ( Backer 2013). Some of the features that are critical Apples organizational culture are top-notch excellence, creativity, innovation, secrecy, and moderate combativeness. Top-notch excellence mandates Apple to select only the best of the best employees. Managers of the organization have always been firing workers who fail to meet their expectations. In areas such as product design and development, the company puts great emphasis on excellence (Backer 2013). Apple values creativity and selects employees for their knowledge, skills, and creative abilities. One qualification to be involved in the product design and development is creative. This feature of the organizations culture is has helped it to maintain the ability to develop solutions to business requirements and the needs of the companys customers (Fogliasso Williams 2014). By embracing a highly innovative culture, Apple is being accredited across the world as one of the most helpful organizations. Apple trains all its employees and encourages them to innovate by contributing ideas to the companys product development process. This organization culture has enabled Apple to succeed in facilitating rapid innovation (Fogliasso Williams 2014). Secrecy is another tool that Steve Jobs used to beat the competition, and it has become one major element in Apples culture. Through secrecy, the company can minimize theft of intellectual propriety and propriety information. In Apples policies, rules, and employment contact, this organizational culture is reflected. Through this aspect of the organizations culture, it can protect the business from the negative impact of employee poaching and corporate espionage (Damanpour Aravind 2012). Apple also embraces moderate combativeness. This aspect is associated with Steve Jobs who used a combative leadership approach. In many cases, he challenged employees to be sure they can execute that tasks assigned to them. The current CEO Rim Cook is, however, is working on changing this culture to a more sociable and less combative one. According to Fogliasso and Williams (2014), due to Cooks efforts, the current organization culture of Apple is to a moderate degree of combativeness. There are several implications of these aspects of Apples culture. Creativity, innovation, and top-notch excellence support the companys industry leadership. They empower Apple to stand out in the crowded market. These features also enable competitive advantage. In Apples rapid innovation processes, both excellence and creativity are exceptionally critical (Fogliasso Williams 2014). However, the companys culture also has some drawbacks. The culture of secrecy limits rapport among employees. At the same time, the moderate combativeness can limit the morale of some workers. Schein (2010) says since Apples organizational culture is not perfect yet, it means it has room for major improvements. A strong organizational culture is essential for improving a firms human resource capabilities. Nonetheless, it is noticed that the companys culture has a fairly good link with its strategic objectives and generic strategies, which enables Apple to perform excellently and beat its competitors (ORegan 2015). Apples Formal Organizational Structure Apples organization structure is another important factor contributing to the success of the company. Formal organizational structures have a way of creating growth opportunities for businesses. At the same time, however, it can impose limits on the performance and development of the organization. Apple uses the traditional hierarchy. However, it has incorporated a few elements from other types of organizational structures into its structure. The success of Apple has linked the effective leadership of Steve Jobs as well as innovation. However, without the companys organizational structure, Apple could have failed. The structure ensures support for such effective leadership. Due to the changing market dynamics, Tim Cook has made certain changes to position the company to continue being competitive (Csaszar 2013). Apples continued ability to innovate rapidly is attributed to its formal organizational structure. The company says that support from its structures has enabled it to create new products such as Apple Watch. One of the major features of Apples formal organizational structure that has been essential to the success of this company is a spoke-and-wheel hierarchy. This particular structure has transformed the way things happen in this organization. In the past, there was no hierarchy in Apple, and all decisions had to me made in Steve Jobs office. No one in the office would make major decisions except Jobs himself. Things have, however, changed under Tim Cooks leadership. The hierarchy has changed slightly. Presently, some structures allow more collaboration. Software team and hardware teams, for example, can collaborate and make major decisions (Lehman Haslam 2013). The companys vice presidents have more independence than before. During jobs time, the autonomy of leaders was unheard of, and this indicates that there are many changes in the company structure. The current structure is less stiff than in the past. However, Tim Cook has retained the element of spoke-and-wheel hierarchy where he is still at the center of all operations (Marengo Pasquali 2012). Another organizational structure in Apple is functional-based grouping. By looking at the companys upper tier, one notices that it has function-based grouping. This grouping was derived from the functional type of formal organizational structure. Tim Cook is the overall and below him are senior vice presidents. For example, one of the senior vice presidents is responsible for industrial design, for marketing, and another for retail. Through this structure, Apple is able to address business needs in terms of functions (Marengo Pasquali 2012). The last feature of Apples organizational structure is product-based grouping. The product-based grouping element is evident mainly in the companys lower tier. This structure has been borrowed from the divisional type of organizational structures. There are several vice presidents below the senior vice presidents. These vice presidents are responsible for different outputs or products. One is iOS apps, another for iPad, and yet another for consumer apps. The advantage of adopting this element in Apples formal structure is that it enables the company to address specific products and their specific components (Marengo Pasquali 2012). There are some implications for using Apples organizational structure. To begin with, this structure enables the company to have strong control over its activities. According to Marengo and Pasquali (2012).With a stable hierarchy, the company is better placed to take control of everything that goes on within it. Apple ensures that Tim Cook and his senior leaders control all organizational processes efficiently. On the other hand, Apples organization structure presents limited flexibility. It has the weakness of low flexibility. The problem with hierarchy is often to prevent lower levels to flexibly respond to a variety of business needs as well market demands. However, the current CEO has already made changes to this system by increasing collaboration among almost all parts of the company. That, however, does not guarantee that the structure will support rapid changes. Apples organizational structure shows that Apples still requires all processes to go through the CEO Tim Cook and the senior vice presidents. Recommendations and Conclusion Apples strategic dimensions show that the company is on track to success. However, it needs to do certain things to remain competitive for a long time. Apple uses broad differentiations generic strategy, and that has made it stand out in the market. The strategy is well aligned with the organizations strategies objectives such as the need to develop innovative products continuously and ensure broad market reach. The company should improve the application of its generic business strategy. To do this, it should aggressively penetrate markets, particularly in emerging economies where Apple still has a limited market reach. Besides, for the generic strategy to be effective, the company needs to emphasize on market development. Emphasis on both market penetration and market development is necessary to be able to improve the companys resilience against its competitors. Apples organizational culture is also critical to its success. The combination of creativity, innovation, and top-notch excellence supports it to stand out in the market. For its innovative processes to be successful, Apple has to make the used use of these characteristics of human resource empowerment. However, the company needs to make to consider reducing the level of secrecy and combativeness as they are responsible for negative effects such as limiting the morale of some employees. Apples organizational structure is also responsible for the success of the company. The hierarchy in the companys structure supports strong control over all organizational processes. On the other hand, it brings about limited flexibility. Since the companys structure does not support rapid changes as the CEO and VPs and the key decision makers, the company should consider devolving power to lower tiers to make decision making much easier. The strategic dimensions of Apple make it clear that there are linkages and consistencies within these dimensions. The broad generic strategy compels the company to innovate continuously and penetrate into new markets. The company cultures also create the right environment for innovation. The combination creativity, innovation, and top-notch excellence are essential for the company to be innovative. At the same time, Apples organizational structure also makes it easier to create innovative products. The hierarchy in Apples structure supports strong control over all organizational processes, which is critical for the success of innovative processes. While these strategic dimensions have certain weaknesses that Apple should work on as already outlined above, in this section, they are fairly well interlinked and consistent with the companys strategic objectives. The success of Apple is attributed to the efficiency of the strategic dimensions. References Al-Laham, A, Huth, S 2011, Strategic repositioning of Apple Inc., Fallstudien zum Internationalen Management, 641-664, doi:10.1007/978-3-8349-6793-0_38 Allen, R S, Helms, M 2006, Linking strategic practices and organizational performance to Porters generic strategies,Business ProcessManagement Journal,12(4), 433-454. Arshed, N, Pancholi, J 2016, Porters five forces and generic strategies, Enterprise And Its Business Environment, doi:10.23912/978-1-910158-78-4-2922 Backer, L 2013, Transnational Corporations outward expression of inward self-constitution: the enforcement of human rights by Apple, Inc.Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies,20, 805-1445. Csaszar, F 2013, An efficient frontier in organization design: Organizational structure as a determinant of exploration and exploitation, Organization Science,24(4), 1083-1101. Damanpour, F, Aravind, D 2012, Organizational structure and innovation revisited: From organic to ambidextrous structure,Handbook of Organizational Creativity, 502-503. Extension of Generic Strategy 2010, Global Business Strategy, 87-116. doi:10.1142/9789814273206_0004 Fischer, L, Staffieri, A., ORourke, J 2008, Apple, Inc.: Pricing the iPhone (A), doi:10.4135/9781526404183 Fischer, L, Staffieri, A., ORourke, J 2008, Apple, Inc.: Pricing the iPhone (B), doi:10.4135/9781526404190 Fogliasso, C E, Williams, A 2014, Analysis Of the business, societal and governmental relationships of apple inc.,Leadership OrganizationalManagement Journal,2014(1), 161-175. Heracleous, L 2013, Quantum strategy at Apple Inc, Organizational Dynamics, 42(2), 92-99. doi:10.1016/j.orgdyn.2013.03.002 Lehman, G, Haslam, C 2013, Accounting for the Apple Inc business model: Corporate value capture and dysfunctional economic and social consequences, InAccounting Forum(Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 245-248), Elsevier Marengo, L, Pasquali, C 2012, How to get what you want when you do not know what you want: A model of incentives, organizational structure, and learning,Organization Science,23(5), 1298-1310. ORegan, G 2015, Apple Inc. Pillars of Computing, 25-30. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-21464-1_5 Papachroni, A., Macintosh, R 2015, Apple. Strategic Management, 151-161, doi:10.1007/978-1-137-03545-5_14 Schein, E 2010,Organizational culture and leadership(Vol. 2), John Wiley Sons. Parnell, J 2006, Generic strategies after two decades: a reconceptualization of competitive strategy,Management Decision,44(8), 1139-1154. Transformational leadership @ Apple 2002, Strategic Direction, 18(6), 5-7, doi:10.1108/02580540210793581 Trefis Team 2015, How Apple is bolstering its advertising strategy with iOS 9. Forbes.

The True Story About Industrial and Systems Engineering Research Papers That the Experts Dont Want You to Hear

The True Story About Industrial and Systems Engineering Research Papers That the Experts Don't Want You to Hear Human engineering and ergonomic elements have to be considered so that all work, tools, and machine activation devices aren't only within the cozy range of the operator but are intended for safe and effective operation. User guides help people utilize a specific system like a part of hardware or software. Safety communication problems are associated with safety communication in a construction website. In this instance, the frequency of safety manual and procedure associated with the amount of understanding of new and elaborate safety issue. The major duty of manufacturing engineers are that, they need to design a solution and it's also them, who are there to keep an eye out for some new strategies and methods of building that particular item, in a brand-new way. QualityThe quality of the material can impact all sections of the system. You're able to fit any business so much they have a manufacturing line or even have the demand for quality control. The products are made in standard specifications and drawings to fit the specific needs of the industrial machines. The Number One Question You Must Ask for Industrial and Systems Engineering Research Papers Admissions to the course are purely depending on the merit form the on-line Entrance exam conducted. If you're in the practice of picking a finest aeronautical engineering college in Chennai, you will need to know the difference between them. Besides flight training, students may also pursue lots of other successful positions upon graduation. The institution is we ll-known for the offering the finest theoretical together with industrial understanding. Choosing Industrial and Systems Engineering Research Papers Is Simple Companies in the west realized the terrific effect of Kaizen and began implementing their very own Continuous improvement programs. The aviation business is growing at a quick pace the growth rate was measured at 18% per annum. At precisely the same time, many services are being outsourced for reasons apart from lowering the manufacturing and operation expenses. As Aerospace engineering companies involve precision based development processes to be sure excellent products have swift delivery prices, Organizations all around the world must accelerate their engineering capacities to keep yourself updated with the ever-increasing consumer demand. Researchers in information systems particularly, have started to recognize the value of better alignment between information technology infrastructure and company systems. Productivity is the proportion of output to some or each of the resources used to generate the output. There are a number of ways you can get an effect on the lives of our students. Despite the fact that there's an age and experience gap, she feels to be an equal. Someone once explained that you take jobs to learn what you don't wish to do in life, which is definitely true for me. You might be a software engineer today, but there's little stopping you from truly being a carpenter farther down the road. Industrial and Systems Engineering Research Papers Help! It's tough to discover female mentors in engineering, Bhikha stated. An essential part of the PhD procedure is publication in peer reviewed journals. Now the programs at the various universities are somewhat more similar to one another. The aim of th e examination is to rate the student's research efforts and written dissertation, to ascertain whether the candidate is qualified to get a Ph.D. in Aerospace Engineering. Communication abilities have become increasingly critical as engineers frequently interact with specialists in a variety of fields outside engineering. Nonetheless, you are going to be incorporating many common engineering concepts into the topic of aeronautical engineering. The CAM system is employed in a variety of applications like lathes, welding machines and several milling machines. Mechanical engineering is just one of the broadest engineering disciplines. Aeronautical Engineering is in terrific demand. Aerospace engineers take part in each step of the practice of building highly technically advanced machines. They must have a bachelor's degree in aerospace engineering or another field of engineering or science related to aerospace systems. These developments were the start of a much broader field called human factors or ergonomics. The vital question that you've to ask yourself before selecting an engineering branch is whether you're passionate in that certain field. So it is extremely important to go for a branch that's of your interest. At the moment, a lot of people in the research community were skeptical of the cyclocopter's capacity to fly. All About Industrial and Systems Engineering Research Papers Last, prospective employers will know you've got the required Internet skills to carry out well in a modern industry. The airline businesses condu ct the aviation recruitment process from time to time as a way to fill up their vacancies. The recruitment process in the aviation market has various stages that have to be followed. Times very greatly whenever the employee doesn't understand what the expectation of company is. The Unexposed Secret of Industrial and Systems Engineering Research Papers The aviation field can supply a selection of exciting career choices for graduates. For prospective pilots, an aviation course may be the ideal way to initiate a long and productive career. Inside this work profile the engineers should work on the space craft. It is crucial to think positively. The principal thesis of the book is that there's more to decision making than simply picking the ideal alternative. The most significant thing is to continue everything user-centric and make decisions to improve usability for the user. In traditional engineering, folks understand the parts initially, then they can comprehend the whol e. Despite the fact that there'll be occasions when you truly feel extremely trapped in your decision, know that for the large part it's all about your mindset.

The Mechanics of Essay Writing

The Mechanics of Essay WritingTo succeed in writing an essay, the writer must be able to spot if there are errors in the mechanics of an essay. Some of the common and most glaring errors that often occurs in an essay is writing an incorrect number of sentences.Also, the writer should check and see if the punctuation is correct; he or she must ensure that the spelling of words is correct. For students, this can be very difficult because there are many distractions in class. Some distractions like talking with friends, eating, texting, playing with a cell phone, and staring at the newspaper; all these distractions makes it difficult for the student to focus on the subject matter of the essay.So how does one check if there are errors in the mechanics of an essay? If you feel that the sentence structure is not proper, you need to be able to read and know the rules of writing.First thing to do is to start the main paragraph. The writer can use different ways of starting such as writing an introduction or the main point of the whole essay. After completing the main paragraph, the next step is to write a paragraph that will lead the reader to the second paragraph.The second paragraph is the topic of the whole essay. The next paragraph that is supposed to be written after the first paragraph will be the conclusion of the essay.It is recommended to check and see if the grammar is correct and that the wordings are correct. By writing an essay you would want to write well and this is why it is important to check the grammar and spelling.There are specific rules of writing that the writers must follow. The rules involve grammar, spelling, sentence structure, sentence order, sentence rhythm, and the use of proper nouns. All these factors must be followed properly in order to make the essay attractive.All the writers need to review again before writing their next article. Keeping all the important points to be reviewed will help the writer to have a clear and concise writing style.

Essay Topics on Love

Essay Topics on LoveWhen writing a Personal Essay, there are many emotional personal essay topics that you can choose from. But it's important to know what it is that you want to say, and then choose the best essay topic for you. Although there are many topics, this article will only cover one: love. This topic is a complicated subject, but if you follow these guidelines, it should be easy for you to write an emotional personal essay on love.Before you start writing your emotional, personal essay on love, sit down and write a list of the reasons why you are writing this particular essay. Who do you think the reader will be, and why? Do you have a specific person in mind, or do you want to reach out to as many people as possible? It doesn't matter; the main thing is that you understand why you are writing this essay, and why it is a good idea for you to do so. When you write an essay on anything, it is important to start with a reason. Write down why you are writing it, and why it is a good idea for you to write.Emotional essay topics on love are not hard to come up with, especially if you are comfortable expressing yourself through words. While there are other essay topics, such as sports, they are not as difficult to work into your essay.Before writing anything, think about the things people feel when they read your essay. Are there any negative emotions that you want to avoid? If so, write down what those negative emotions are. By taking your time to identify your emotions before you begin writing, you will not feel overwhelmed.Before you begin writing, spend some time thinking about the things people might want to know about you. What does your family like about you? What do you think of them? These are great points to keep in mind and will help you decide on a topic and provide a great starting point for your essay.Once you have decided on a topic, the next step is to find some ideas. Make a list of things that you like to do, and things that you want to do . Once you have these items, find some examples of these things and use them as inspiration to create your essay.Creating a Personal Essay on love is a big undertaking, but it is definitely possible to do. Use the tips above to help you along the way. Use words and examples to write your essay, and then write and read it over several times to make sure you get it right.Remember, writing about these essay topics can be complicated, but the end result is worth it. And once you have created your essay, you will find that you will be able to express all kinds of feelings using it.

Awards Programs, Advantages, and Disadvantages

Awards Programs, Advantages, and Disadvantages Introduction Information from the National Accident Statistics and Cost reveals that over 10,000 United States employees sustain injuries on the job every day and about 15 of them succumbing to their injuries. The average cost related to these injuries was approximately $45 billion in 2010 and a further $40 billion every year in direct wage substitution and health expenses. Job injuries also have indirect yearly expenditures of $70-$150 billion.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Awards Programs, Advantages, and Disadvantages specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Over 3 million United States employees had job-related accidents in 2010 (National Safety Council, 2001). These worrying statistics have made businesses and government agencies to focus more on safety issues in order to avoid legal penalties, boost employee morale, enhance productivity, and reduce labor turnover. It was through this initiative that safety incen tive programs were adopted by many organizations to reward safe work practices. The main objectives of the safety awards programs were to increase safety awareness among employees, minimize recordable accidents, and promote safe work practices among workers. However, the functionality and reliability of safety incentives programs to promote safe work practices have proven tricky for many organizations in the United States leading to the establishment of various safety administration institutions such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), which regulates safety programs for companies (Geller, 2005). This paper discusses the merits and demerits of injury-based, behavior-based, and process-based programs as three independent safety awards programs. Injury-based programs These safety programs are based on the rates of injuries and accidents as a measure of rewarding employees and teams. Workers and groups are awarded for avoiding or minimizing industrial mishaps d uring specified periods. Illness oriented safety programs operate on the suppositions that facilities and equipments are secure and do not induce mistakes, workers have appropriate education and understanding on how to handle machinery, and industrial accidents are chiefly the fault of employees’ carelessness or negligence of safety. Injury-based safety programs have the advantages of giving awards like bonuses and prices due to the lack or a minimal number of job-related injuries (Leape Berwick, 2005). In addition, this program has the benefit of creating a safer work environment since workers are always under pressure to work safely or lose some benefits. Safe work environments reduce accidents and enhance safety vigilance among employees. However, this approach directly compares rewards with the rates of injuries. This is a condition that poses the temptation for employees not to disclose some injuries for fear of losing personal rewards or denying their teams an incentiv e. This has the effect of distorting the injury frequency.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The consequences of not reporting an accident or an injury may be insignificant or huge to the employee involved. Lack of reporting injuries falsely reduces the company’s tragedy incidence rate and makes it able to show to the safety management agencies and its head office that their safety operations have advanced; the actual accident figures are concealed (National Safety Council, 2001). This often makes it difficult for regulatory agencies such as OSHA to convince companies to start up legitimate safety programs. This fact was ascertained after 18 workers died, and 200 others sustained injuries during an explosion at a BP plant in Texas City in 2005 (Leape Berwick, 2005). An inquiry conducted after the explosion revealed that factory employees dreaded reprisal s for exposing potentially precarious situations since the company had a safety incentive plan that attached employees’ incentives to reduced eventualities of accidents and injuries. The incident prompted members of Congress to invite the Government Accountability Office (GAO) to examine safety programs (McSween, 2008). The GAO published a report that revealed that safety awards programs can be hindrances for employees to disclose accidents and injuries to their managers. Another demerit of this program is that these plans may become unimportant and difficult to maintain in the long run since employees can consider rewards as a right thus discontinuance may bring far-reaching impacts. Rate-based reward programs may also give false submissions and lead to mistrust between employees and administration. For instance, imagine a team that makes considerable efforts to avoid mistakes and accidents, yet regrettably encounters an accident and consequently the team misses a reward. Me anwhile, another team that does not attempt to avoid accidents accomplishes their task without injuries and thus receives a reward. This approach fails to recognize the fact that many incidents are not due to the negligence of employees themselves but are the consequences of aspects outside their control. A rate-based incentive plan shifts the blame of industrial accidents away from the accountability of the employer to give safety instruction to new workers and places it onto the hands of the employees who are compelled to acknowledge the blame for their individual injuries. The rate-based program does not impart new knowledge to employees that can enable them perform safely but rather forcefully enforces safe behaviors of employees (McSween, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Awards Programs, Advantages, and Disadvantages specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Behavior-based safety award program It is based on an employee’s performance as a standard of granting bonuses. The employee behaviors to be rewarded include taking part in safety meetings and teaching, providing ideas on ways of improving job environment safety, and other actions that can assist avoid industrial accidents. Workers can also be rewarded when they invent a safer way to do a job, adhere to safety rules and encourage others to do the same, complete safety training programs, assist investigate accidents, and report dangerous situations. Behavior-based safety plans are prevalent in job places all over the United States. These incentive plans have improved as an administration tool that takes resources away from a scientific-based health and safety program and focuses interest away from recognizing and tackling workplace perils that induce and lead to job-related accidents and fatalities (National Safety Council, 2001). Behavior-oriented plans aid in reducing accidents by eliminating a direct connection between an i ncentive and the extent of accidents reported. Underreporting accidents can lead to the furtherance of dangerous conditions and hazardous actions in the place of work. By choosing to reward and reinforce safe behaviors with a behavior-oriented approach, companies can be certain that their safety incentive programs are satisfying their planned function of a safe job environment for all. Behavior-oriented safety plans also provide information about facilities and machinery that can injure workers. Timely reporting of accidents, injuries, and unsecure conditions is essential not only in order for the injured workers to access immediate treatment and the employees’ reparation benefits to which they are permitted, but also that managers may redress hazardous working conditions. Even though behavior oriented plans assist in eradicating the problem of flawed reporting and boost turnout in conferences and training, their usefulness is questionable. These programs are relatively hard to determine and check since workers’ behaviors are obviously more compound and difficult to judge. Additionally, workers’ behaviors shift regularly in response to exterior factors like new machinery, and new work teams. These plans strengthen safe performance by providing rewards to workers or crews who display safe performances; the program is not attached to accident rates. Since the objective is safe performance and not a reduced accident rate, workers are motivated to be lively partakers in the safety plans (McSween, 2008). Process based reward programs Process based reward programs credit individuals for performing definite safety related actions such as maintaining safe driving speed limits, keeping a safe distance while on the road, or putting on safety belts. This program emphasizes actions that a worker should carry out. Process-based programs have the advantage of increasing targeted safety-related actions and consequently increasing non-targeted work behavi ors (Goodrum Gangwar, 2004).Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This experience is referred to as response generalization and has assisted safety experts to target a few specific workers’ actions with advantages across many more non-target acts thus is less burdensome to apply. However, these programs injure safety performance intentions and evoke a high bottom-line expenditure on companies. Workers who view these rewards as their lawful entitlements often ridicule these programs. Additionally, process plans sometimes remunerate erroneous behaviors and the wrong workers. Process-grounded plans conceal reporting of accidents and injuries with the use of incentives that promote trust on extrinsic (money or other financial items) instead of intrinsic support (an interior satisfaction with a person’s work). Furthermore, process plans encourage the use of comparatively small rewards, which tempts workers to modify their actions and manners. When rewards are kept moderately small, workers excuse their behavior change to interior causes i nstead of exterior causes. For instance, $1 per mile safety bonus would lead to a collision-free, 50,000 miles per year driver receiving $50,000 yearly or $12,500 quarterly (Goodrum Gangwar, 2004). This amount is substantial and significant, but not so high to warrant the gross unfairness that might be formed by errors in the system. However, the process incentive plans have been attributed to increasing safety belt use across different backgrounds especially on manners related to over-speeding and extreme breaking. In all the three safety reward programs, motivation is a vital aspect. Positive support, response, recognition, and reward are considered the four primary constituents for motivation in any safety reward program. To present constructive reinforcement, motivators should be rewarded in different forms. It is obvious from this paper that organizations which desire to lessen their experience alteration rates, lost time workday occurrences, and limited workday occurrences ca n use safety reward programs effectively. Conclusion This paper has established that other different aspects such as behavior-based programs, rate-based programs, and awards do not alter the efficiency of safety incentive programs in a considerable way. The paper has also revealed how vulnerabilities involved in accidents and injuries that go unreported are unrecognized and uncorrected, which restricts the ability of workers and managers to deal with the safety aspects present in their job places entirely. Training of employees, unions, and administrators about the discipline of accidents and injury avoidance, danger management, and the use of devices like surveys and investigations can help to eliminate safety threats. Additionally, formulation of government policies that would disallow employer strategies, programs, and performances that discourage workers from reporting accidents and injuries will be an essential milestone towards developing effective safety rewards programs. In order to achieve a more efficient and comprehensive safety incentive plan, all the stakeholders must encourage the development of materials, courses of study, and methods of teaching intended to advance job place attempts to identify and address risky conditions by establishing broad workplace injury and accident prevention plans proposed to discover and fix risks (Geller, 2005). References Geller, E. S. (2005). Behavior-based safety and occupational risk management. Behavior modification, 29(3), 539-561. Goodrum, P. M., Gangwar, M. (2004). Safety incentives programs. A study of their effectiveness in construction Prof Safety, 49(7), 24-34. Leape, L. L., Berwick, D. M. (2005). Five years after to err is human. JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association, 293(19), 2384-2390. McSween, T. E. (2008). Values-Based Safety Process: Improving Your Safety Culture with Behavior-Based Safety. New York: John Wiley Sons. National Safety Council (2001). Accident Prevention Manual for Business and Industry: Administration and Programs (13th ed.). Itasca, Illinois: National Safety Council.

Research Paper Topics on Astronomy

Research Paper Topics on AstronomyIf you have chosen a particular field of study, you might consider how to write a research paper topics on astronomy. The paper is very important and must be carefully written so that you can get the best grade possible. There are many sources to help you with the preparation of your research paper topics on astronomy.You will need to ensure that you choose a course that is well regarded. This is important because of the prestige and reputation attached to it. Some of the popular courses that offer astronomy courses include astronomy degrees from Harvard University, the Royal Observatory of Belgium, the Space Telescope Science Institute, and the Astronomical Society of America. These are all top ranked institutions, and you are in good company when taking a course of this kind.You can also take a course in a part-time format at another institution or even a study abroad program. All of these options can give you a competitive edge when it comes to yo ur research paper topics on astronomy.Set yourself a goal. You should always aim to achieve at least a B grade in your work as an astronomer. This means that you will need to strive for a high grade.Make sure that you are following the instructions of the instructor. Be sure that you do not waste time and energy on something that is not needed. Many courses will not allow for the option of a solo paper. This means that you will have to join a class for the entire time that you spend on the assignment.It would be wise to start with a basic astronomy course. This would be appropriate for a first project. It would also help you learn the material very quickly. This will give you a foundation to work from when it comes to preparing a research paper topics on astronomy.Many bright students have decided to study at the Royal Observatory in Belgium. They are able to get top grades in astronomy courses there because they come from a prestigious institution. If you are considering going to u niversity to study astronomy, this could be an option.