Corona Beer Ad Analyze

More than a Corona What do you imagine when you hear Corona beer? Usually it’s that same image of the commercial taking place on a perfect beach. What would a beer have to with a beach, that’s isolated and pretty much perfect? Corona is selling it’s beer by selling a dream with it; and it’s working. The typical Corona commercial we see on television has basic elements that are present in all of them. These basic elements are a beach, with crystal clear water, flawless sand, isolation, and of course a cold Corona beer. In a particular Corona commercial that I had analyzed goes like this, it starts with the signature beach, that’s completely isolated, with calm crystal clear water, and sand that is so clean you can eat off of it. Next it starts to zoom out and the Corona beer comes into the picture between a young woman bathing in the sun and a man skipping rocks along the water, while the man is skipping the rocks his phone begins to ring. He is about to go for another rock but grabs his phone and then there is a slight pause, he then skips the phone along the water like the rocks. The woman then brushes her hair back with her hand and continues to just relax and be attractive. Then the commercial ends with its signature slogan, â€Å" Relax Responsibly†, on the bottom. What the ordinary person doesn’t know is that all of these components are used to hook the customer and it works almost every time. Through Jib Fowles, â€Å"Advertising’s Fifteen Basic Appeals†, we learn of the aspects that attract the average consumer to buy products, which are the Fifteen basic appeals. Fowles suggests that advertisers incorporate desires and needs of the consumers into the advertisements; these desires and needs that captivate the viewer or the consumer are part of Fowles Fifteen basic appeals (73-74). The most obvious appeals in the Corona commercial that I analyzed are the needs for autonomy, to escape, and for aesthetic sensations; there is also a small hint of the need for sex. Starting with the more apparent ones we will look at autonomy first. According to Fowles the need for autonomy is projected by â€Å"the need to endorse the self. The focus here is upon the independence and integrity of the individual†(82). What Fowles is getting at here is that the consumers like the idea of independence and keeping themselves up on there own two feet. This is connected with the Corona commercial by the actions of the man. The man is on the beach he gets a phone call an average person would pick up the phone. But in fact this man goes against social standards and rebelling against what should be done. He’s deviating from the world and standing alone by doing what he wants to do. What he wants to do is drop all responsibility and not conform to societies beliefs of all work and no play. Next we look at the need for escape. We can all imagine that place of escape and the Corona commercial exemplifies this paradise that is isolated and away from other people. It’s just you, the beautiful beach, and your Corona beer. What more could you ask for when your away from the world? From the commercial there is a sense of escape from responsibility when the man tosses the phone away. You also see the man’s need to escape by the fact that he’s on the beach by himself with just his lady. The final dominant appeal is the need for aesthetic sensations. Watching the commercial with the image of paradise, a beautiful woman, and a cold Corona there’s a feeling of perfection. It gives the viewer this extreme satisfaction that through a Corona this is all possible. This picture perfect view captures the consumers and leaves an imprint of perfection in their minds. Humans like things that are nice to view. If it’s nice to view they want to encounter it more and have it. Finally in this commercial there is a slight hint of the need for sex. The woman on the side is a symbol of sex in the commercial. Her very slight movement and presence gives a feeling and need for sex because a man and a woman isolated alone on a flawless beach gives that sexual sense. Even though sex is not so evident it is still signaled. So why all these appeals and mind games in order to sell a beer? Well the average consumer thinks when they buy a product they are buying just the tangible product that they picked up in the store. But the truth is they’re being sold something much more. Along with that pair of shoes you’re buying the advertisement’s life. What I mean by the advertisement’s life is the qualities and desires portrayed in the advertisement. In fact, when you buy a Corona you’re also buying a lifestyle in paradise. Advertisers tap into our deepest desires in order to take us away from practicality and to make their sell. Along with that Corona beer we’re being sold independence, escape, imprinted image of paradise in our minds, and a little bit of sex. Chuck Blore, a partner in the advertising firm Chuck Blore & Don Ruchman, Inc. had said â€Å"Advertising is the art of arresting the human intelligence just long enough to get money from it. † Advertisements have the ability to make you stop thinking with your brain but more with your desires. With this ability to put our desires on a poster or television screen we are led to believe that with that product we can achieve our dreams and desires. It’s more than just a beer that Corona advertisements are selling. They are selling a lifestyle where there are no responsibilities except to relax. Corona makes us believe that with just a six- pack of cold Corona we are transported in to a lifestyle where you have a private beach, a babe right next to you, no hint of the modern world, and no worries. This is exactly what advertisers want their consumers to think. If an advertiser is able to tap into the desires of consumers through advertisements, they have pretty much caught the consumer in a never-ending cycle. Like in Corona’s case, every time I see a Corona I think of that perfect beach and a captivating woman next to me. Corona was successful in tapping into my desires and now I feel that with a Corona I can be in paradise. Advertisers are very tapped into our desires and can influence what we buy and what we like. Like with the Corona commercial, if we buy Corona we can live a life free from social binds and have a perfect life. This desire, the perfect life, can be simply achieved by buying that six- pack of Corona beer. Corona isn’t just selling their beer but a dream that is highly unlikely with the idea â€Å"Relax Responsibly†. Works Cited â€Å"Corona Beer – Dumping Your Cellphone – 2009 Commercial. † Youtube. 28 Sept. 2009. Web. 14 Feb. 2010. Fowles, Jib. â€Å"Advertising’s Fifteen Basic Appeals. † Common Culture. 6th ed. Ed. Michael Petracca and Madeleine Sorapure. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. , 2009. 71-88. Print. Shah, Anup. â€Å"Media and Advertising. † Global Issues. 26 Jan. 2008. Web. 20

Informatics In The Medical Industry Health And Social Care Essay

The chief subject of this assignment is ICD, one of the nomenclatures which influence the cryptography and categorization methods. The execution of coding and categorization is based on the Electronic Health Records ( EHR ) of the inbound and outbound patients. Before traveling straight into chief subject, I need to discourse what is EHR? What are the benefits and disadvantages of EHR? Why controlled Terminology is required for an EHR? What are the different cryptography and categorization systems? What can I anticipate in ICD-11? â€Å"Electronic Health Records:Electronic Health Records comes from the epoch of patient records where the chief subject of patient records are to derive medical cognition, for clinical research intents, for farther usage of informations and can easy be a opportunity of doing determination by analyzing the record in an unambiguous mode. Patient Records are many types and they are developed harmonizing to the usage in demand of today ‘s life [ 2 ] . Even though the chief intent of all types of medical records are same, like to educate clinicians, support for charge intents, support for clinical research and for epidemiological surveies, It besides has disadvantages depending upon the type of medical record and maintaining mind these disadvantages many new sorts of patient records have now come across [ 3 ] . In Paper-based medical record, the accessing of patient informations is made easy, but it has some restrictions like, no such patient has merely one wellness attention forces and no wellness attention force has merely one patient because one patient can hold may be more than one doctor and every doctor needs to look into old records like what prescription has been given and what should be the following process to follow, and those records can non be accessed immediately because paper based can remain merely at one topographic point, some may be losing, some can non be understood by other doctors due to their hapless hand-writing. These restrictions are non really utile in order to do a proper determination [ 3 ] . It besides has some advantages like paper based systems are less expensive and recording of informations is non really complex [ 2 ] . This can be overcome by presenting Computer-Based Patient Records or Electronic Medical Records, where wellness attention suppliers can easy entree patient ‘s whole wellness certification under individual wellness organisation and most of import is this information can accessed by merely licensed clinicians which can avoid security issues to maintain privateness of patient informations. When compared to informations storage it has disadvantages like, it requires more infinite to enter a patient information in a digital format than Paper based patient record, and besides considered to be more expensive due to the investings in hardware, package and besides the information saved will be lost if whole computing machine system clangs or fails to work [ 2 ] . Electronic Health Records ( EHR ) which has the capableness to entree patient ‘s wellness certification under several wellness organisations which is permitted to entree by merely accredited clinicians. The benefits by the EHR to the wellness attention professionals are as follows: Easy Access to Patient Data: Easy entree to all integrated patient informations taking from simple sort of informations. The doctors can do an effectual Clinical Decision Support. Portability: The doctors can entree patient informations anyplace even in ambulatory conditions besides and besides through portable devices. Clinical Order Entry: EHR can supply new clinical qui vives depending on the informations entered in electronic patient record. It besides has the capableness to demo some literature based on your entry, most of import is qui vives can warn clinicians about the dose of drugs and besides some allergic reactions. Quick Transfer of Information is possible through several wellness organisations through EHR can be possible [ 2 ] .EHR besides has some disadvantages:Understanding of patient informations without proper nomenclature is non possible for EHR. Collection of Data is impossible in EHR without controlled nomenclature. So, that is ground why medical controlled nomenclature is really of import for the EHR which is discussed in item in the undermentioned process [ 2 ] .Why do we necessitate Medical Terminology?Terminology is defined as a standard set of footings to denote a set of constructs [ 4 ] and Clinical Terminology trades about the constructs used in footings of statements in a medical record i.e. significance should be same if we use different constructs to do statements. For Example, This patient has an Endocrine disease and This patient has an Diabetes are said to considered as Terminological because constructs used to do statements denotes same intending [ 5 ] . Medical Terminology has some standard words or phrases to stand for what has happened to the patient, it does non let doctors to compose something in their ain words. So by stand foring harmonizing to criterions, every doctor whether he belongs to same wellness organisation or different wellness organisation can be able to cognize what had happened to the patient [ 6 ] . The chief end of Medical Terminology can be enhanced if all the patient has electronic patient records and patient centered information should be entered into the electronic based patient records so that it can be like Re-use of information for clinical and secondary intents and can be shared across different organisations, establishments [ 5 ] .Positions on Medical Terminology:Data Abstraction- procedure of abstracting the recorded informations and so delegate a label to the abstracted information ( delegating some specific term which can state whole significance ) from the nomenclature itself [ 7 ] . Data Representation is delegating codifications to each of the findings done to the patient like research lab findings, physical findings, type of drug administered [ 7 ] . Encoding of medical cognition is besides of import to portion the cognition or direct the informations to other clinical systems. This encryption is done in such a manner that computing machines can utilize it [ 7 ] . Benefits of encoding medical cognition: It allows for Alerts in footings of medical specialty prescriptions so that doctor can be cognizant of this state of affairs before he can turn to to the patient [ 10 ] . It can salvage a batch of clip for the doctors or admittance sections without rhenium come ining the patient record after analyzing the patient for multiple times [ 7 ] .Why Controlled Vocabulary and Coding systems for Terminology are of import?In past old ages, Imprecision and deficiency of Standardized Controlled Vocabulary has been a major assert for the wellness attention sphere. This is due to the complication between standardisation of medical cognition and nomenclature ( set of constructs ) . The structuring of medical informations in footings of acquisition, entering and storage is of import because it raises the confusion between the nomenclature and significances of the informations. For illustration, one doctor wants to seek for a word ‘Diabetes ‘ , whic h in fact merely detects patients who are recorded as precisely with ‘Diabetes ‘ as diagnosing but non with patients who are recorded as ‘Diabetic ‘ [ 9 ] and sing another illustration, one doctor declares and records informations as patient has ‘shortness of breath ‘ and another doctor records as ‘dyspnea ‘ , though the patient has same sort of disease but while recovering the patient informations can be displayed as patient with shortness of breath or dyspnoea depending upon the preciseness of the word entered at the retrieval country [ 8 ] . This is the chief job originating in footings of controlled vocabularies. This job can be solved by the Controlled Terminologies or Clinical cryptography systems which contain the list of standard set of footings which can expose the words denoted under the same set of criterions. For illustration, it can recover all the information of patients enduring from ‘Diabetes ‘ or organize ‘Dyspnea ‘ because these footings are registered under a same set of significances and besides physician can come in or enter the patient informations in different types of degrees. This is the chief advantages of controlled clinical nomenclatures or coding systems [ 7 ] .Clinical Coding and Classification Systems:International Classification of Diseases ( ICD ) developed by WHO is the categorization of diseases and other wellness jobs by analyzing the wellness job records and critical records. It has the capableness to sort the diseases in a hierarchical manner so that wellness attention forces can easy recover and place the utile information. It is non merely used for retrieval intent but besides to roll up the population, morbidity and mortality statistics [ 11 ] .Purpose of ICD:The chief intent of ICD is the systematic agreement and in a structuring format by comparing and analyzing the causes of mortality and morbidity informations collected from different states. The recording of the information is automatically converted from words to alphanumeric codifications which enable easy storage and retrieval of informations [ 11 ] . The chief primary purpose to develop ICD to come in mortality statistics based on the decease certifications and subsequently depending on the alterations of different ICD ‘s taking ICD-1 to now utilizing ICD-10, the group decided to besides include morbidity statistics for diagnostic intents. It besides has the capableness to sort diseases based on the marks, symptoms and unnatural findings where any wellness attention forces can easy derive cognition in an unambiguous mode. It is besides used for charge intents [ 9 ] .Structure of ICD-10:Taking from old versions of ICD to late developed version of ICD-10, the construction of ICD follows same construction which was antecedently proposed by William Farr. The construction of ICD-10 is based on Epidemic diseases, general diseases, local diseases, developmental diseases, hurts [ 9 ] . The construction of the list of categorization of diseases can be shown in the below tabular array [ 9 ] , which is divided into separate columns each column has Chapters, Codes and Description of that diseases [ 9 ] . It has list of 21 chapters and a set of codifications are assigned to each chapter. Each codification has foremost missive as an Alphabet and each Alphabet is assigned to each chapter but in chapter 2 Neoplasms has D alphabet and besides D alphabet in Diseases of blood. In general, codifications are assigned as three character codifications which is said to be chief or core categorization of a disease and sub classs of that disease can be denoted as four character classs. To be explain more in item, sing one sort of disease from the tabular array, say Chapter 2 Neoplasm which has codifications from C00-D48 and subcategories which are malignant tumor of Neoplasm are assigned as codifications C00.0-D48.9 three characters followed by an extension with a point. The ICD-10 codifications are denoted in alphameric codifications whereas ICD-9 is denoted merely in numeral codifications merely. There are fresh U codifications in ICD-10 [ 9 ] . Table: Division of ICD codifications into Chapters [ 9 ] .Troubles in ICD-10:There is no possibility of naming the constructs once more under anatomical parts for the constructs which are one time represented in a individual hierarchy. For illustration, if some disease caused by chest malignant neoplastic disease is mentioned in Chapter 2, it can non be mentioned once more in the anatomical parts of diseases covering chapter 6- chapter 16. Even though chest malignant neoplastic disease is related to anatomical part chest, it can non be covered in chapters of anatomical parts. This is the chief drawback of ICD-10 [ 9 ] . If we want to update a new codification which surely fits under some chief codification for illustration, see chief codification C00 for some disease and we want to update some disease which absolutely suits under chief codification as a sub class codification, it is non at all possible by ICD-10, because updating requires an empty infinite to make full which says that it is non possible to update on behalf of already used codifications [ 9 ] .Revisions:The purpose of alterations is to non alter the full construction of the old versions, have to see how to develop an easy manner of accessing medical cognition is possible without any complications, confusions, struggles. The freshly developed versions includes most ( major nucleus ) of the content, construction every bit same as old versions, merely minor alteration and based on that merely minor alterations can be possible depending on the troubles raised by utilizing the present versions and those troubles are avoided and expected non to see in the hereafter development of versions. When compared with alterations based on ICD-9 and ICD-10 alterations made are: Expanded from a individual 3-digit ICD-9 class ( 001 ) to a 3 digit ICD-10 five classs ( A00-A005 ) . ICD-9 numeral codifications to ICD-10 alpha numeral codifications. Transfering from one codification to other codification in the categorizations [ 11 ] .Future Version of ICD ( ICD-11 ) :What I expect to be changed from ICD-10 to ICD-11: â€Å" Depending upon the troubles raised in ICD-10, the constructs based on diseases of anatomical parts should be included in anatomical parts constructs because even if person who are non so familiar with some hard footings which denotes the disease can easy be happen the information in anatomical parts and everyone knows the anatomical parts where disease is really in the patient organic structure. So, disease under anatomical parts is of import † . â€Å" Categorization of diseases, mortality and morbidity statistics can be done individually under separate chapters for Adults, Neonatal attention, Small kids, Old people so that they can easy distinguish for determination support. This will be a job in footings of dose of drugs and thereby allergic reactions caused by them because dose factor is really less for grownups when compared to little kids † . â€Å" Particular sort of categorization can be best thoughts when Neonatal attention is taken into consideration due to most of them are affected by bosom diseases or tumor at a really early age † .Decision:â€Å" As far EHR is concerned, it is really of import in every wellness organisations so that information can be readily available for the doctors where they can treat in an efficient mode. EHR with Controlled Terminologies and Clinical Coding Classification Systems are besides of import for an easy entree to the medical cognition. More figure of nomenclatures are being developed by recognized organisations like WHO, National Centre for Health Statistics ( NCHS ) where doctors can anticipate an easy manner of accessing medical cognition For Example, function ( associating ) of nomenclature with ICD like SNOMED CT which one of the controlled clinical nomenclature † .

Contact And Exchange Between Peoples And Cultures Essay

Occupation is not a victory, yet, discrimination and oppression evoke acrimony among the native people, which impedes European imperialists from conquering the native people. The Metis, a native group originally scattered across Canada as well as parts of the northern United States such as Montana, North Dakota and Northwest Minnesota. However, the Metis and other aboriginal groups suffered injustice in European colonialism, which is the main focus of this paper. The Aboriginal peoples were the original residents of Canada. It is a collective word for the diversity of the indigenous people. The word was incorporated in the Canadian Constitution Act of 1982 and concerns to the Inuit and the Metis people. The term aboriginal has provided a sense of unity among the indigenous peoples and also served the role of erasing the different historical, cultural practice, sovereignty and languages of over fifty countries that lived in Canada preceding to European colonization. It is believed that the Metis fatherly ancestry originated from different nationalities; Irish, French, English and Scottish while the mothers came from the Native Indian. So the Merits are of mixed blood. Nevertheless, the Metis were able to adopt both the European and the Indian culture through utilizing what was suitable to their necessities. However, the European colonization led to their suffering and injustice. During this time the Metis suffered prejudice, racism and injusti ce. The Relationship of the Metis To their Land and the Manitoba Treaty The Metis practiced the concept of communism, meaning personal ownership of land were prohibited. They resisted external pressures to abandon this concept. However, with the European colonization, the Metis was denied the freedom to live the way they wanted, thus, they were forced to abandon the communism concept. As a matter of fact, the Metis who had occupied the lands in North America for decades before the European colonization were deprived during the European colonization, which in turn is still today whereby the political and legal approached deprive Metis societies of fundamental human rights The European solidified their attitudes towards race in their experience with the Metis. The clash between England and Ireland went beyond rivalries between the two developing nations. This was a clash between the semi-nomadic pastoralist and those who were settled on the land as farmers and grew a sedentary culture. The treatment of the Metis people in Cnanda was extremely similar to the treatment of the other Aboriginal peoples. As a matter of fact, the European established a hierarchical view of the earth where the value of other communities was judged against the image of their own, whereby human beings were viewed as continuing through different regular and specific stages of growth ranging from savagery to civilization. Furthermore, it was not only a social philosophy, but a moral Christian obligation placed on the European to guide the Metis who was regarded as uncivilized beings to the pinnacle of civilization. The European presented the capital structure, which embroiled racial segregation. This was opposite to what the Metis and other Aboriginal groups practiced. As a result, this concept led legitimacy to the undertaking of the dominant power whereby the European dominated the Metis. Through racial segregation, the Europeans were able to push the Metis out of their land, and exert control over all the aboriginal groups in North America. Indeed, race became a social norm and an unquestioned reason to privilege. It was one employed with great insight against the Metis people in Canada. Thus, although most of the treaties had different positive effects in the aboriginals, most of them caused these communities a devastating effect. The treaties cost the Aboriginals a lot, including their land. Besides being forced to give up their culture, they ended up with a much smaller tract of land as a result of improper negotiations. Also, though the provision of education and health care has been cru cial in maintaining the Aboriginal cultures, other benefits such as farm implements and the right to utilize land were much smaller compared to the tracts of lands given in their exchange. Furthermore, the implications resulting in the signing of treaties caused a large number of deaths among them. According to Miller (2000), prior to 1870, the Aboriginal population decreased by about 75percent under the hands of the European settlers. The Fur Trade Canada expanded in a unique manner whereby it traded fur with other countries. Fur trade played a significant role in creating boundaries, which still exist today because borders are grounded on its dissimilar resilience in the North America. As a matter of fact, the importance of the fur trade lies in its commitment of the geographic platform. Through this trade, the development of the Metis emerged with their own language and culture. Indeed, the trade depended on the productive skill and the organizational capabilities in the Metis people. Therefore, the Metis and the Indians regulated the fur trade and only traded when it was convenient for them to do so. Moreover, the Metis were sought to travel through canoe into the interior to carry out trade with the Indian community. The fur trade helped the European to penetrate to Canada, and as a result, they started assimilating the Metis community. They disregarded their culture, beliefs and norms and waged to change their culture as w ell as their behavior. The Metis were culturally undistinguished from other Canadainas. The Land Scrip During the 18th century in Canada, the government gave out scrip certificate giving the right holder to either a certain acreage of land or an amount of money that could be used to the buy on land. These certificates were given out to individual Metis to fulfill their claim to land ownership. However, most people did not get the scrip who eventually was the original inhabitants of the land, meaning that the entire Metis communities who had stayed on the land for decades were sidelined of their rightful heritage. Moreover, it was not only the manner in which the Metis was deprived of their original land. Likewise, the Juvenile Act of Manitoba was modified to permit Metis minors to sell or dispose of their script, thus creating an opportunity for abuse. The government also opposed to a powerful Metis constituency and enterprise interests desiring to gather vast tracts of land colluded to ensure that the Metis of the West of forlorn become landless people. The Metis was not included, fr ightened, swindled or made to kill of the land consisting rudimentary way that consecutive Canadians would follow to open up Canada. As a result, the Metis were forced to live on unutilized parts of the land, which is the reason that they were referred to as the â€Å"Road Allowance People† meaning that they were bound to make their geographical area on the government land on either side of the road. Louis Riel and the Manitoba Drawing from Louis Riel who was the founder of Manitoba and a Metis leader, it is clear that the Metis were harassed unjustly. Riel was murdered by the government for treason. He had united the Metis community and led to a famous Metis government that was central in taking Manitoba into Confederation, but his aim was to preserve the Metis community from the Canadian authority. Riel also led the Metis at the Red River whereby the Canadian government had appointed McDougall as the governor whose mission was to re-stake the Metis land. The Metis opposed him through Riel so as to preserve their cultural, social and political status of the Metis in the Red River as well as the Northwest. As a matter of fact, intermarriages between the Europeans and the Metis or the aboriginals was prohibited. Riel was considered a hero because he defended the Catholic faith and the French culture in Manitoba. It is for this reason that went back to North America after being in exile for four months in the United States. The British and the Canadian government did not support the Metis beliefs and wanted to establish the Protestant beliefs. Nevertheless, the opposition from the Metis through the influence of Riel did not last long when he was captured and executed. Riel was executed without any trial with British or Canadian law for his section in the Red River resistance. The Residential Schools Just like other Aboriginal peoples, the Metis were placed in residential schools over the course of a hundred years. These schools stripped children of their languages and culture so as to eliminate the Metis problem and assimilate them into the society. The Metis in residential schools survived sexual as well as physical abuses, loss of identity as well as language. As a result, many of the Metis children as well as other Aboriginal people’s did not survive at all. Indeed, there are still unrequited questions about how some kids vanished. Nevertheless, the current dispute resolution program in North America, especially Canada does not address the fundamentals harms suffered by Aboriginal peoples as a result of the Indian Residential Schools system that was expressly introduced to remove Aboriginal languages and culture, and to murder the Indian in the child. The government’s strategy for accomplishing its policy aim concerned removing children from their families, puni shing them for speaking their aboriginal language and denying them the right to follow their spiritual teachings and traditional celebrations and failing to give them adequate education. In conclusion, from the above discussion, it is clear that the Metis as well as other Aboriginal communities in North America suffered injustices. They were killed because of their language and beliefs, disregarded because of their culture and mixed blood, they were racially segregated and denied their right to own land. As a result, they ended up in the Manitoba reserve with small parts of land and some none. Neither were their appreciated in residential schools whereby their kids were physically and sexually abused. And though all these things are known by the government, nothing much has improved in Canada for the Metis as well as other aboriginals. References Brown, D., & Kingston, O. (1992). Aboriginal governments and power sharing in Canada. Kingston, Ont.: Institute of Intergovernmental Relations, Queen’s University. First Nations in Canada. (1997). Ottawa: Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. Howe, P., & Bedford, D. (2007). Electoral participation of Aboriginals in Canada.Noble, T. (2008). Western civilization: Beyond boundaries (5th ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Rambaut, T. (1987). The Hudson’s Bay Half-Breeds and Louis Riel’s Rebellions. Political Science Quarterly, 135-135. Source document

Business plan structure Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business plan structure - Coursework Example Firstly, a business premises is a place and hence a physical location from where we distribute our products and meet with our customers. Secondly, through the shop we will be able to determine the appropriate prices for our commodities by analyzing the customer’s reactions. The shop will also enable us to distribute our products and hence the shop will symbolize our products. Finally, through the shop we will be able to carry out advertisement for our products. After analyzing the four P’s for our Students Vault, the second step was to define our mission and vision statements based on our goals and future prospects. The main customers for our business were the university students and therefore our mission and visions had to be in relation to their needs. Our mission also had to incorporate the dynamic nature of their needs and to be flexible enough to include any future needs for a change. As a business team, our mission for venturing into the business was to supply uni versity students with all their stationary and appliances needs for a successful university life. To realize our mission we had to define our vision in the business through a vision statement. A vision statement is a statement is a declaration of anticipations relating to growth and expansion of the business within a given period. In the project, we settled for expansion of our business within the United Kingdom and the diversification of our products as our vision statement3. The vision and mission statement of a business summarizes the four P’s of the business in an implicit way. Through these statements, a business team gives its intentions or plans on achieving the four P’s of a business. The product is an important part of any business, through the product a business is able to realize and launch its competence in the market4. Due to the importance attached to the product, we had to consider our product as an important part of the business plan. Stationery and boo ks were our main products. Our business also dealt with accommodation equipment, electronic devises and catering equipment. These products were intended to fulfill our mission of supplying university students with all their requirements for a comfortable university life. After defining our product, the second important part was the definition of the place or location of our business. Our business team settled for Manchester city as the first target or business location. Unlike other potential locations, Manchester city had a high student’s population due to the availability of many colleges and universities within the city. The city also lacked business dealing with stationeries and students necessities and this implied that our bushiness was unique to the city. Our business plans therefore capitalized on the uniqueness of our business as the basis for our competence. Manchester city also served as an ideal city and therefore establishing our business in the city enabled us t o determine the response of other potential cities towards our business. The price of a commodity determines the success of the commodity in an ideal market5. This implies that in the business plan we had to settle at an appropriate price in order to attract and retain our customers. Students were our target customer and therefore our prices had to be considerate of their financial status and capabilities. In the plan, we settled for a competitive price for all our products. This implies that

Organisations, Competition and Environment - Assignment for Higher Essay

Organisations, Competition and Environment - Assignment for Higher National Diploma in Business and Management - Essay Example Recently, the Czech Republic and other Eastern European countries were admitted into the European Union. I hypothesise that the entry of the Czech Republic has significant positive effects for companies in the European Union given that tariffs between the Czech Republic and other EU countries in general and the United Kingdom in particular have been eliminated. The aim of this paper is to prepare an article for a UK company that has operations in the Czech Republic describing the effects on the company of the Czech Republic’s admission into the Union. The rest of the paper is organised as follows: Section 2 describes the European Union how the admission of the Czech Republic into the Union has affected our chosen company, Section 3 presents a syllabus of the main points to be included in the article and Section 4 is a presentation of the article as it will be published in the companies periodicals. The European Union was formally established in 1992 by the Maastricht Treaty (Palmowski, 2003). The Maastricht treaty brought together the 3 pillars including: the European Community (EC) whose decisions were governed by the European Commission, the European Council and the European Parliament and guarded by the European Court of Justice; the Common Foreign and Security Policy, which is determined on the basis of intergovernmental cooperation in the European Council alone; Justice and Home Affairs. (Palmowski, 2003). The European Union was formed as a continuation of the process to promote an economic and political Union in Europe which began with the formation of the European Community after the Second World War. (Palmowski, 2003). In addition, in the 1980s, Europe became more concern about the internationalisation and globalisation of trade and politics in which small European States could only have an influential voice if they acted in coordination with each other. (Palmowski, 2003). The

Sales training Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sales training - Essay Example Three different power points will be created for the morning session, after break session and after lunch lecture. The first power point will cover the definition of sales, its goals, roles, direction and the focus of selling. This will be accomplished with a minimum of 25 slides with comprehensive speaker notes at the bottom. A minimum of 5 images must be used to show marketing dialogue, the role of sales and any related topic idea. The second power point will outline and map the sales process and images depicting models of selling will be included. For the last session, the power point presentation will cover, in a minimum of 15 slides a reflection of the video that will be used to induce hands-on experience in selling (Amy 79). All power points will be colorful and animated and questions must be used at each stage to evoke critical thinking from trainees. A laptop, projector and white board will be availed for the purpose of this training session. Video A sales marketing video wil l be obtained from youtube.com and will be availed in the last session. The video will cover field marketing and will present different scenarios that are likely to be experienced during training. Person to person sales and making sales in a conference will be two scenarios that will be captured in the video. The CD will be provided and played through the laptop. Evaluating the Learners After the three lecture sessions, a questionnaire will be handed to the trainees and they will be required to respond to the questions. Questionnaire method is superior in obtaining quick responses from the trainees as all of them respond at the same time. The questionnaire will test on the sales skills that the learner acquired and the possible methods of tackling specific problems in the marketing field. The test will continue a marketing scenario to test the learner abilities to employ effective marketing approaches in different marketing situations. Guidance Session Timing Trainer Guidance Traine e Guidance Lesson 1 1 hour 30 minutes Must emphasize definition, and mechanics of selling. questionss in power points must be asked to student. Remain interesting, use speaker note to explain Take notes, participate, ask questions Lesson 2 1hr 30 minutes Outlining and mapping of sales covered Refer to Ppt speaker notes Use questions at each point Engage learners Trainees get back to their seating positions. Note taking of crucial points Lesson 3 1hr 30 minutes The teacher will play the video twice, and then use the power point to reflect on the video. Interactive questions. Every trainee presents their opinion on the scenarios depicted in the movie Note the various key skills in marketing The timeline of the lesson will be reviewed after the first lesson. It may be wise to reduce the time for the second session and increase that of the last session as the interactive session is expected to take more time. Formative Revisions Formative revisions help to obtain information to help str eamline the instructional methods (Tuttle 122). During the instruction process, a critical observation of the training session will be engaged. The time taken to deliver the whole content designed for each lesson will be assessed. Also, the participation of the trainees will be engaged and

E-marketing plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

E-marketing plan - Assignment Example The artists have acquired more power as they have even started selling their music without the recording company. (Porter’s Five Forces- Strategic Management) Building a successful profession requires network, money and resources. Money is required to invest into finance marketing and music videos. Network is also very essential in order to sell products, markets and advertisements. Contacts and networking are required at venues and concerts everywhere the artists perform. It is very difficult to be successful and receive sufficient market share especially for a new player. With the help of the internet, people have more contacts, networks and it has become easier to sell music online. (Porter’s Five Forces- Strategic Management) Until some years back, there threat of substitutes was very low as the music was available in only one common channel. But in the recent past, there have been numerous cases of piracy which is becoming a major threat to the music industry and the recording company. (Porter’s Five Forces- Strategic Management) The format by which music is made available, the channel and the source of the music are predetermined. There are no alternate sources available for the buyers to buy the music other than purchasing them at stores. But in the recent past, there have been several cases of music privacy which provides buyers to acquire the music through other channels paying very minimal amounts o nothing at all. Information regarding the artists, purchasing of song directly from iTunes can be made directly. The song video can also be viewed from YouTube. Online downloading of music has also been a major set back for the recording companies. Consumers now can download music for free with good quality instead of paying for the CD. This means that the recording companies need to reduce their prices and have different channels for promotion, advertising and sales. (Porter’s Five Forces- Strategic Management) The

Describing and Applying victimization theory Research Paper

Describing and Applying victimization theory - Research Paper Example Cohen and Felson proposed Routine Activity Theory of Victimization and mainly focused on predatory crime. Crime is described in this theory as an act of taking or damaging property belonging to another person. Crime, as perceived in this theory, posits three characteristics; a motivated offender, target, and absence of guardianship. For any crime to occur, the motivated offender must make contact with the victim or the target. Other intervening variables include the absence of persons or conditions that could intervene between the two (Wilcox, 2010). In this theory, the first variable-the motivated offender- is given. According to proponents of this theory, proper understanding of crime must focus on other elements other than the motivation of the offender. Cohen and Felson use the example of increasing levels of disposable income in the early 1960 due to increased number of couples working. The need for leisure creates the need for families to buy electronics and other household appliances. These developments increased chances for burglary as most people never stayed at home to guard these appliances Wilcox, 2010). Theories of victimization have been applied in a number situations such as sex crime, stalking, and property crime among others. The underlying principle in the examples listed is that the offender and the victim must be within the same physical area to produce an elevated risk of victimization. In the wake of the current technological development especially in the use of the internet, the elements of crime in the Lifestyle-routine theory such as guardianship, proximity to potential offenders and exposure creates endless opportunities for cyberspace victimization. The approach adopted by this theory is that physical interaction increases opportunities for victimization in space and time. The cyberspace victimization, however, do not require the offender and the victim to interact physically in space and time. The application of

Set Up a Company in LDC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Set Up a Company in LDC - Essay Example In consequences, medical expenditure of company itself been reduced. To make an eco-friendly surroundings strict statutory regulation or voluntary self- regulation is very much needed. According to Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), different management approaches like reduction, reuse, recycling, and landfills of wastages are easy can be arranged and guidelines are also given by them. The plastic and metals often used directly without pre-treatment (www.panalytical.com). As said by them grinding, milling and pressing systems together can make a complete solution. According to International standardization organization (ISO), every company should maintain the ‘Environmental Management System’. Careful solid waste management nowadays becomes urgent. Solids including paper, plastic, metals and glass pieces and many other things are most of the cases renewable, if not they should be destroyed by the clean way. Mercury, Cadmium, Lead, Chromium VI, PBB, and PBD B are significantly harmful to the environment. Most of the cases the firm own their own water supply. A separate unit should be established for that. For non-polluting disposal, water treatment technology like Trickling Filter Process and/or Activated Sludge Process must be adopted. In many countries, it is mandatory. Although it is not a problem in the urban area, still most of the rural areas are not alighted until now. To set up an electronics unit an uninterrupted flow of electricity is required. As the energy source, it is cheaper in LDC to use traditional fuel like coal and petroleum than hydroelectricity, though non-conventional sources are most eco-friendly but expensive still now.Telecommunication is also not adequate in most of the area in LDCs. National organizations of telecom of respective countries cannot meet the huge demand always.

The Film Invictus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Film Invictus - Essay Example Right from the beginning of the film, it is clear that the subject of the process of human socialization as demonstrated in organizations, peers, and institutions apparently takes the central role in the film. It is quite evident that the film’s key focus is on apartheid. Apartheid has cut across many every organ of the government right from the institution of the president, institution of justice, institutions responsible for security, as well as other government organization that is key to delivering basic services to the country. The term apartheid was an Africaans that was commonly used to refer to a system of racial segregation that was enforced through the process of legislation by the then South African ruling party (National Party). During this period of time, the rights of the majority black South African Inhabitants were said to have been curtailed while the white supremacy was maintained. In essence, the word served as a policy of segregation, as well as political-e conomic discrimination against those who belonged to groups of non-European in the Republic of South Africa. According to this film, after Morgan Freeman gets leased from Prison and he is elected as the first black president of the South African Republic, he has many challenges following the post-Apartheid era. One thing that is quite striking to him is that to do with human socialization. Human socialization, in this case, refers to the racial divisions between the white and black South Africans who are affiliated with movements supporting racial segregation and are the cause of the day to day violence. The ill motive that the whites and the blacks hold towards each other is clearly demonstrated in the president’s security details, where the relations between the prior established white officers.

Organizational Analysis Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organizational Analysis Case Study - Essay Example It is the hope of this author that by analyzing the aforementioned determinants, the reader can come to a more informed and effective level of understanding with regards to how these determinants impact upon the overall level of profitability that the Home Depot has been able to enjoy within the past several years. Although it cannot be considered a step-by-step color by the numbers approach to success, mirroring the strategy and organizational approaches that the Home Depot has engendered will necessarily lead a given entity and/or organization to experience a higher level of success than they may otherwise have enjoyed. However, it must be cautioned that the Home Depot’s success story is ultimately one that is defined by current market conditions and pass eventualities. As such, the level and extent to which success can be defined for a given institution or business entity merely by following such an approach is necessarily limited. It is the hope of this author that such a level of analysis will enable the reader to come to a more appreciable level of understanding with regards to the direction to which the Home Depot should move within the coming months and years as a way of solidifying its place within the current market. Organizational Structure As with many retail giants that exist within corporate America, the Home Depot is organized under a chairman, Board of Directors, regions, and individual store managers. Such an organizational structure has not always existed for the Home Depot; rather, it was born out of a measure of success that the initial Home Depot offering was able to engender within the market. For growth and experience a rapid level of integration of success with regards to consumer needs and overall levels of profitability, such an organizational structure, mirroring many other existing corporate chain, was affected. This technique is an effective means of providing a degree of sequential management oversight and key strategy imple mentation with regards to the way in which the firm continues to grow and expand within the near future. Naturally, the key issue comes down to what degree of leverage and decision-making the board of directors leave up to the regional directors and the individual store managers; too great a degree of freedom necessarily decreases the effective level of oversight and strategy implementation that can be effected whereas too close a level of constraint can stifle any best practices that are region or geographic/demographic specific. Internal Environment: The internal environment is oftentimes defined as the events, entities, factors, conditions, and particularly the behavior of the stakeholders involved (the employees). Within such an understanding, the mission statement of the organization, the leadership styles employed, and the organizational culture are all core facets of what defines the internal environment with a Home Depot. Whereas the leadership style has briefly been referen ced above, the culture will be discussed at some link below, the court level of importance that must be understood with regards to the internal culture and environment that exists within the Home Depot is most certainly contingent upon the mission statement. As such, the mission statement for the Home Depot is as follows: â€Å"

Planning And Decision Making Essay Example for Free

Planning And Decision Making Essay Many organizations lack a better planning and decision making systems that usually leads to the failure of there operations, in this case planning refers to the overall integrated planning system within an organization which incorporates both strategic and corporate planning. An organization is a consciously coordinated social unit composed of two or more people that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals. Therefore corporate planning can only be achieved through management functions; planning, which encompasses defining organization goals establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals and developing a comprehensive hierarchy of plans to integrate and coordinate activities, organizing, which is the determination of what tasks have to be done, who does them how the tasks are to be grouped? Who reports to whom and where decisions are to be made. Controlling, this involves monitoring the organizations performance, leading, which involves managers motivating subordinates, directing the activities to be done, selecting the most appropriate channels of communication and resolving any conflicts among the employees Taking a look at Toyota Industries Corporation that was started in the year 1937 by Kiichirro Toyoda. It started off by manufacturing and selling automatic looms. Later on it extended by manufacturing automobiles including vehicles, car air conditioning compressors and engines. Toyota Company is widely known all over the world as an automobile manufacturer. It proudly owns the title of the world’s largest automaker company. It is known to be the largest then followed by General Motors Company. This company made sales worth 4. 72 million in the first half of the year 2007. It actually made a profit of $ 15. 09 billion. This paper is dealing with an evaluation of the success that this Company is having. This company is known to have production bases in Asia, Europe, Japan, India, China and North America. Toyoda, 2005) Orientation This company is reported to have a better management system that is referred to as the Toyota Production System which is made up of practices that are meant to organize the company’s logistics and its production; it is also found to encouraging a better communication between the company and its clients. Evaluation of Toyota Company shows tremendous success in the year 2007. This has actually ended the reign of the world best selling trademark of General Motors. An evaluation of the success of Toyota Company shows that it has really expanded various markets worldwide. This has enabled it to reach a very wide scope of customers. Evaluation on the success of Toyota Company shows that it has really opened up so many outlets all over the world including Africa. This has helped customers to easily access Toyota products unlike before. That is why this Company is really enjoying the booming success. (Dr. Shoichiro 2006) Planning is very important in any organization. This is because it helps the organization to easily replace personnel who get promotions or those who get transfers. This is because organizations nowadays carry out management development on all the leaders and managers in an organization. This helps an organization to have a pool of qualified personnel. It also helps an organization to carry out technological advancement. This is because the organization’s personnel are qualified and quite updated in the current technology. (www. onesixsigma. com) Key Processes  The system was founded between the years 1948 and the year 1975 which at the moment referred to as â€Å"Just in Time production† it was regarded as a house like design through which most of its workers once they are recruited they first of all get trained first before they start working in the company this actually shows how committed Toyota is in implementing a good performance oriented workforce, in this case we find that after an employee is trained and found to be successful then he is promoted with an ambition of meeting the expected company standards that are set. From the Toyota Production we find that the Managers can use this to identify the training goals. A manager needs to review his employee’s skills and the areas that they need to improve. These needs in the managerial skills will help in making goals. To find out this, the manager needs to asses the workforce and through this he can know what they are able to do and what they can’t do. Therefore the manager cannot just do this by himself. He needs assistance from other people. They can assist in reviewing his performance. Such people include the supervisors. These people can give invaluable information on the areas that need to be improved and give insight on the behaviors exhibited at work. During the planning the manager needs to consider the training programs that are being offered. The manager needs to carry out plan implementation. After that the manager needs to evaluate himself if he achieved his goals. The TPS also ensures that there is a minimal wastage of resources in the company, since the company regards wastage of resources as a result of de-motivation to its employees. Any organization that carries out management development usually experiences an increase in its productivity. When the personnel in an organization get skills in management there will be an increase in production. (www. onesixsigma. com) The founders of the Toyota production system had an ambition of eliminating the burdens which was referred to as the â€Å"muri†, also to curb the inconsistency referred to as the â€Å"mura† and the other reason for establishing the system is avoid wastage which was referred to as â€Å"muda† therefore we find that the company using the system has therefore discovered on how to reduce factors leading to wastage in the production of the firm. (www. onesixsigma. com) This has led to a better decision making in the firm whereby the system defines that better results are always founded on the right process of production whereby the companies are always urged to come up with a continuous flow of communication in order to indicate the threats of the company, we also find that the company encourages the use of the pull system which is directed towards the avoidance of overproduction, the other way that will enable a company to achieve its goals is to have a levelised workload whereby the employees are allowed to work at a lower speed in order to have better production results rather than working with a high speed to give poor results. In figure one, we find that the diagram has indicated that the company operates in two ways the Jidoka and the Just on Time processes whose goal is to enable a high quality production at a lower cost and within the shortest time limit. Here we find the company actually deals with the reduction of the cost of its products and also on the improvement of the quality of its products. Research indicates that Toyota is in a position of producing one vehicle in every six seconds which results into a total of six million vehicles per year, we also find that the company does not employ people who are given the responsibility but the members themselves report to be disciplined in a manner that they always clean their own offices, this policy has been found to be successful in ensuring that the workers report to their working areas with aim of improving their productivity. Key Learnings Management development is very beneficial to organizations. Many organizations that have embraced this usually have efficient and effective personnel. This improves the productivity hence leading to financial gains. The managers are skilled and will deal with issues that can cause losses efficiently. Figure two below indicating the ways Toyota puts together it production process, the company is reported to be successful as a result of encouraging its employees to work together as a team Whereby in terms of staffing, we find that the Toyota company actually employs more than 4,000 workers each day who are always provided with a number of two working shifts, in this company we find that the employees work in terms of teams, under which each team is made of a minimum of four to six employees, research also indicates that eight teams in the company make a whole group which is therefore provided with a team leader. Under the management in the organization we find that the company improves the performance of their workers through a better paying system which research indicates that every member in the team is paid at least ? 7,000 including this is inclusive of shift and overtime premium, they are also provided with a private healthcare. (www. onesixsigma. com) Where also find that there exist the policies of continuous improvement which is the company terms it as Kaizen action meetings which are regarded as circles of quality whereby the member staffs are involved in the improvement of the performance of the employees. This is well encouraged where the company is found to be offering Kaizen prizes after every six months. in the meetings a manager managing a team of twenty five groups is given an opportunity of deciding which group manager is the best after which all the managers in the company decides which group manager is the best to win the presentation. Then the two of the managers are given a chance to travel to Japan for a kaizen conference and give the story about their performance. For all these reasons we find that this Kaizen is used a way of improving the employees performance in the Toyota company and therefore the other companies planning to be as successful as Toyota one needs to implement the same policy in his or her organization. (www. onesixsigma. com) When evaluating the success in this Company, one can’t fail to notice the improved marketing strategies that have been incorporated therein. The company carried out outsourcing of experts who carried out market research on the target customers of this nation. The Company was therefore in a position to strategize so that it could overthrow the previous automobile manufacturer-General Motors. Marketing strategies were put in place to target the affluent customers all over the world. This played a big role in the success of Toyota Company. These marketing strategies included participating in sports. Toyota Company vehicles were used in motor spots and this actually marketed the vehicles. The Super 2000 Corolla and Peugeot were won in motors spots that were carried out late in the year 2007. (Toyoda, 2005) Toyota Company has had various acquisitions which influenced its success. It acquired 8. 7% of Fuji Industries. This Company is the manufacturer of Subaru vehicles. Toyota Company also acquired 5. 9% of Isuzu Motors. These strategies highly influenced the success of Toyota Company in the year 2007. This made Toyota Company to overtake General Motors. Toyota Company really strategized and incorporated new technologies in its manufacturing system. These technologies include an advanced parking guidance system and automatic power buttons. This resulted in the manufacture of hybrid gas-electric vehicle. This was produced in very large numbers. This hybrid gas-electric vehicle is sold at one million all over the world. This played a big role in the entire success of Toyota Company. (Dr. Shoichiro 2006) Evaluation of the success of Toyota Company shows that one of the factors that influenced its overall success in the year 2007 is branding. This company manufactures a wide variety of brands. This gives customers a wide variety of vehicles to choose from this Company. These brands include Lexus GS, Toyota Camry, Toyota 4Runner, Toyota Tundra, Toyota Land Cruiser, Toyota Prius etc. This has also played a big role in the success of Toyota Company. Surveys carried out on Toyota Company products show a great improvement on the quality of its products. This influenced the general success of this Company until it overtook the previous world leader- General Motors Company. It brands are actually preferred by customers because of quality and durability. Toyota produced Lexus and Scion automobiles which ranked top in reliability and quality surveys. They also ranked best according to various consumer reports. According to the annual report of Toyota Company 2007, there was much incorporation of team work which greatly influenced the success of Toyota Company. This Company has a large market share in United States and Asia. (Wooly, 2006) Conclusion According to the annual report in Toyota Company, approximately 4. 72 million vehicles were sold by the first half of the year 2007. This ended seventy six year reign of General Motors Company. Evaluation of the success of Toyota Company’s success in the year 2007 shows that this company incorporated various strategies that played a big role in its success. These included outsourcing of experts, incorporation of new marketing strategies and opening up of very many outlets all over the world. Branding aspect in this Company was well used by the marketing experts and this is how Toyota Company managed to overthrow the previous world leading manufacturer – General Motors Company. The market share for Toyota Company in United States of America is enviable. This Company currently has the challenge of maintaining its leadership role in the automobile industry.

Effect Of Mass Media In Democracy Development Sociology Essay

Effect Of Mass Media In Democracy Development Sociology Essay Media exists everywhere through TV, Internet, newspapers and radio, each one adds a lot to our societys attention.   This research may help to understand the impact that media has on the peoples political participation, knowledge and orientations, more exclusively in the developing democracies, while offering a theoretical framework to comprehend the nature and the role of political communication gaps within consolidating democracy across high contextual social differences. The following essay presents a critical account for a research study titled: MEDIA USE, DEMOCTARTIC CITIZINSHIP AND COMMUNICATION GAPS IN A DEVELOPING DEMOCRACY, which was written by Erik C. Nisbet and published in the International Journal of public Opinion Research Vol.20 No.4 in winter 2008. The writer follows number of stages in writing his research, now; this essay is an attempt to build a scientific and academic analysis for stages, procedures adopted in it, and also, it will highlight the positive and negative aspects of the methods and methodologies which the researcher used such as; survey and interviews, in addition, the essay will go through the objectivity of both, the research and the researcher. Research papers overview This research is titled MEDIA USE, DEMOCTARTIC CITIZINSHIP AND COMMUNICATION GAPS IN A DEVELOPING DEMOCRACY which talks about the the relationship between mass media use and democratic citizenship within a developing democracy. The writer applied a survey conducted in the West African nation of Mali, where he examined the relationship between forms of media use and the obtained amount of political knowledge, participation and socializations. The survey pointed out that socially privileged groups benefitted more in political knowledge, participation and socializations than the other dissident groups (Nisbet, 2008) by the mass media use , finally ; the researcher ended up arguing some implication of the results for understanding the importance of mass media in democratization process(Nisbet, 2008) . Furthermore, the writer referred to the topic of democratic movement which offers for citizen to participate in political decision-making as long as an environment of press freedom and m edia penetration is secured. On the other hand; the writer encouraged the concept of democratic citizenship and its association with mass media use, also he talked about the obstacles which confront the nascent stages nations which witness a regression in terms of socio-economic development, differentiation and stratification. All these factors emerged communication gaps which influenced the democratization process. The research stressed on two general categories: the first one is the functionalist role which states how well mass media strengthens and enhances the basic functions and practices of participatory democracy is the key factor of the successful democratic consolidation. The second one is the regulatory role which shows mass media as an institutional and normative role which regulates some norms through socialization or through the threat of coercion or both to keep social integrity .In other words, the mass media may reinforce social democratic change by keeping the integ rity of the society while transition or change takes place rather than leading it but this role may emerge some challenges due to the traditional political institutions. In this sense, Huntingtons (1991) view about the gradual democratization within developing democracies which is the optimal level. Temin and Smiths (2002) studied the role of the mass media in Ghanas 2000 election is an illustrative example. The researcher assured, depending on the original knowledge gaps hypothesis, the importance of the increasing information acquired from the mass media within the members of the society in higher and lower socio-economic level, without any indication that the relationship between them is directly proportional but the amount of the knowledge acquired by the higher socio-economic strata is greater. This hypothesis reformulated to be restated as communication gaps arent limited to any particular type of mass media or differential gains in knowledge(Nisbet, 2008) but it impacts indiv idual behavior or attitudes just like what the political science added to what is mentioned before that the information individual receives from the mass media influences the attitudes of people based upon pre-existing belief, interest, motivation, or knowledge. Mass media use strengthens democratic citizenship by socializing especially the dissident social groups into a common, dominant political worldview which maintains social hierarchy and regime stability, which contribute in fostering the Democratic consolidation. The writer cited four definitions of the Democratic consolidation which calls for a high amount of public awareness of democratic political practices and high commitment to democratic norms, value and culture, towards long term probability of achieving the democratic consolidation as the study mentioned. Some causes of communication gaps are classified as individual, structural and cultural factors which are related to the individuals education attainment, gender which are the dominant indicators , socio-psychological factors, socio-economic status , community structure or the nature of the mass media itself and beliefs which all lead to differential gains in political knowledge acquisition. For example, some social or cultural societies may collectively estimate specific kind of knowledge more than other cultural or social societies, therefore; communication gaps emerge. Moreover, the researcher mentioned several supportive and contrastive points of view about the causes of communication gaps. Finally, the researchs discussion concentrated on the association between media use and democratic citizenship, as the table drawn below Radio Television Newspaper Political knowledge *Theres association Theres association **Theres no association Table () *Radio in developing states has disproportional role in educating the community ** It has association between beyond the educated respondents although its not the only variants which affect the amount of knowledge gained. Note: no media use is associated with democratic orientation which contrast with what is stated that radio use is associated unexpectedly with socialization into democratic norms and ideals among lower educated, rural, ethnic minority citizens who have more traditional political values. And also mentions, Implication for understanding the causes of communication gaps. The writer sums up with, the topic of Normative implication of political communication gaps in developing democracies which has been just clarified at the beginning of the analysis and which is viewed of two interfering arguments according to democratization and equality of participation in democracies. The first theory the development first proposes that the starting point for sustainable democracy is prerequisited by economic and social modernization. The contrast theory the democracy first suggests that economic and social modernization isnt necessarily a prerequisite for democracy, like Malis case, according to World Bank Governance Indicators says that its the poorest countries in Africa but it relatively realizes high degree of sustained democratization. Therere several perspectives about both theories were uttered by some investigators the research is referred to in detail. To conclude, our Scholar broadens a little bit to another topic which is whether the communication gaps and the inequalities in democratic participation may threaten the concept of democracy in developing state? Or can keeping the political stability through inequality of participation during the transition to correct it afterward once the democratic consolidating is obtained. The answer of this question Paves the way for further theoretical work on how media, political inequality, and political outcomes are associated within developing democracies, as well as how these relationships may evolve as developing democracies consolidate and develop. Methodology In the researching field, methodology is seen as the approaches, applications, methods, procedures and strategies which are used to reach any scientific knowledge (Tayraukham, 2009). So as a result, different questions in the research demand different approaches to answer these questions in a way that offers help to the readers and the seekers of knowledge (Dawson, 2002). Methodologies in the academic research could be either quantitative, qualitative or a mix of them both. Or it can be considered as the design of the research that was used in order to come up with as proved results as could be without engaging into the fault of changing data or facts. The methodology could be either quantitative through using the questionnaire, pre-test / post-test and the survey method. On the other hand, the qualitative nature of the research involves interviews with the participants of the study, observing a specific phenomenon or taking into account a specific case study. The methods of the study Considering that the study is quantitative and qualitative in its approach, the tools (methods) used in collecting the data of the study were a survey to be implemented between January 3 and January 27,2001 on the experimental Malian group with total sample size of 2089 accompanied by face to face personal interview of citizens 17 years old or older , of both urban and rural areas in the respondents native language and questionnaires directed for the interviewees which were used in order to Measure public opinion and behaviours democracy and track the evolution of such attitudes in selected nation over time Furthermore, the analyses depends on the a hierarchal ordinary least squares ( OLS) regression model which penetrated by number of exogenous variable; such as,individual-level socio-structural characteristics (urban/rural resident, age, language group, gender, education, and yearly income) , followed by antecedent endogenous variables; just like, measures of interest and efficacy, media use, political discussion, civic participation, political knowledge, and political participation. Each subsequent blocks of the variable accounted for by the equation was scaled with the incremental R2 and the sum of the series of incremental R2 is referred to as the cumulative R2 (Cohen Cohen, 2002). Then, we can notice from the result of the survey that the interaction (communication gaps) were found between certain mass media use and some blocks of variables. (You can get back to see them in details on the section of method, interaction results) The positive and negative aspects of the approach Here in this paragraph, Ill mention the positive and negative traits of employing a survey in this research: MEDIA USE , DEMOCTARTIC CITIZINSHIP AND COMMUNICATION GAPS IN A DEVELOPING DEMOCRACY . According to Patrick Parnaby ( 2006), the positive aspects of surveys are the effective design of the Survey which is crucial to get the information you need easily and provide an approximately extensive data with credible results, they are tractable, he also added that surveys act as the finger on the pulse of your project and can measure its strength. They can measure the change during the time especially when we apply a pre-test against post-test just like the Malian political transition so , by the conducted survey we become able to measure the conversion of democratic citizenship before and after the change, and also the surveys can ensure the Coherent set of data because all respondents have exactly the same questions in precisely the same way and also during an interview, the interviewer can explore urge themes in depth, as he didnt notice before. The negative aspects of implementing a survey are the traditional options for survey data collection which are expensive, needs hard resources, such as paper copies of a survey pencils, and challenging to manage which requires patience of the sample who are ready to move on to the next phase of the survey, and also, a survey only collects information about the questions Required. In addition to all that, we will not be completely sure of the objectivity of questionnaire data, the individuals who are asked may be biased towards themselves and dont answer as correct as the reality of themselves. HR-Survey recommends that if we want a successful survey, it must be written in a Simple Language and short, simple questions, be clear and direct and also you have to avoid errors in spelling, grammar and usage, and Keep the scales in the same direction. Our scholar, Erik C. Nisbet ,follows Likert Scales survey method which is lists of statements which offers a 5-point or 6-point scale as the participant can assess his/her level of agreement or disagreement with the statement. Objectivity in relation to the broader aims of the article Sociologist, Michael Schudson, debates that the belief in objectivity is a faith in facts, distrust in values, and a commitment to their segregation. Journalistic objectivity is identified as equity, indifference and  disaffiliation to any party, yet the writer most likely has to encompass all of these qualities. There is a relationship between the terms Validity Reliability and Objectivity. The researcher stats his objectivity in the study where he doesnt mention his point of view or the viewpoints of his nations law about the effect of mass media use at the democratic citizenship in his land and other developing democracies, like, Mali . Nevertheless, he appears a little bias  to the idea that mass media use is effective in elevating the level of individuals democratic citizenship not as he thinks but as the results show. Neither does he comment supportively nor contrarily to Malis case, he only displays the data without deformation of the original one and conducts a survey as he protects respondents privacy without telling anything about them as we observe during reading the article. According to the Objectivity rules of Dr Frances Nelson, assumption 1 leads us to turn into the clarity and correctness of the analytic data, and also theory 3 Scientific method talks about being disinterestedness with the topic you are writing about guarantee your objectivity which both were shown in Erik C. Nisbets research. In this article, the objectivity of the researcher is obvious which refutes what Dr Frances Nelson said that the researcher and his subjectivity cant be separated. Validity is the level of conformity between the results the reality. This clearly appears in the research when the writer states the effect of several mass media on the individuals political knowledge, participation and socialization into the norms and value of democracy in the developing democracies and how the citizens have different orientations toward political democratic tendencies regarding to several variables. Reliability is the measurement has to be credible and keep the same answers of the Malian persons who take the survey. As we see in the data of survey that the measure of democratic political orientations has low level of reliability because the democratic orientation and understanding of democracy in the developing countries are evolving ,and from the writers information doesnt mention any unrelated news about Mali, such as roles, habits and environment that he didnt find appealing. To conclude, the subjectivity objectivity contrast each other. The use of one of them or both depends on the topic of the research, the researchers personality, the mass public which the research directed to. If the writer decide to utilize them, it must be useful for his study. Erik C. Nisbet makes use of his objectivity to enable the reader concentrates on the main topic more than on the researchers point of view. Conclusion Through reading the previous essay, one can observe that study examines the effect of mass media on the citizens political knowledge, participation and their socialization with the norms and values of democratic within developing democracies, e.g. Mali where some interactions were found like communication gaps by several causes and variables just like I mentioned before in the nascent stages polities. As we can deduce, Mali realized a higher level of democratizations than many other nascent polities, though it had relatively different levels of economic development. Then, we can observe also that the study on Mali, lower state degree of linguistic groups than other developing states, doesnt indicate sufficient information about communication gaps. Not only does the communication gaps vary according to the change of political and social conditions (national context), but also we have to be aware of how the change takes place over time and of the level of democratization and political transition. Referances : Erik C. Nesbit . (2008). MEDIA USE, DEMOCTARTIC CITIZINSHIP AND COMMUNICATION GAPS IN A DEVELOPING DEMOCRACY: International Journal of public Opinion Research Vol.20 No.4. HR-Survey, 2008. Retrieved from   (http://www.hrsurvey.com/ItemConstruction.htm) Questionnaire Design. Retrieved from. (http://www.cc.gatech.edu/classes/cs6751-97-winter/Topic/quest-design/ Patrick Parnaby. (2006). Evaluation through surveys. Retrieved from http://www.idea.org/blog/2006/04/01/evaluation-through-surveys/ Dr Frances Nelson. The problem of objectivity Subjectivity. Tayraukham, S (2009). Academic Ethics in Research Methodology :Journal of social sciences, vol. 4 ,No. 6 , pp. 573-577 Dawson, Catherine. (2002). Practical Research Methods:  New Delhi, UBS Publishers Distributors.

Business Plan for Restaurant Development

Business Plan for Restaurant Development Introduction This essay is a business plan for the creation of a Greek restaurant by the name Athens. The restaurant will offer the installations for 200 individuals per all moment. Except of standard installations the restaurant will be also able to offer recreational programs with Greek music and traditional dance. The competitive benefit of enterprise will be its preferential locality and the benefit the most excellent and competitive services and products for the customers of enterprise. The business is planned to position in Buxton providing comforts in the residents of region as well as in the tourists of region. The district as well the business has contact with all public benefits, as electric current water and installations of telecommunications. Executive Summary Athens will be a new restaurant business that seeks to present a new display in the restaurant business in Buxton. The business offers value to clients by offering quality services of high quality food and beverages, Moreover the company offers the rapid implementation of the orders in accordance with the specific needs of individual customers for a particular event and a range of additional services available to the client. The aim of enterprise is the best option for the customer that provides in each customer the worth and the pleasure while the profitable increase is the objective of the corporation In addition, the goal of greater client service and pleasure will take devotion from all members of employees and suppliers (Barrow Paul, 2001). The place installation of enterprise is the Buxton, and the benefit of the above mentioned place consists in the following criteria. The first and main criterion is that does not exist other same business in the region on Buxton which offers services that is forecasted to offer in our business. In Buxton there are a lot of students could comfortably use the services of the company. Buxton is tourist area just 25 miles from the big city of Manchester and also the Manchester airport (Innkeeper, 2000). The competitiveness of enterprise will be the unique quality and category of its products and the institution of benefit of services will leave an impression. Does not exist any indirect competitor in the market of Buxton. The business will be unique. Aim and Objectives The aim of business is the preparation of exceptional foods with the real flavour that becomes from supplier with the bent and provides the service that leaves an impression. Our objective is the superior customers service and satisfaction giving the customer the best products. We exist to attract and retain customers. When we stick to this maxim, everything will be settled. Our services will exceed the expectations of our customers. The vision is revealed with three ways: The most important objective is to propel the company into an important and famous market position. The company will produce the same qualitative results significantly over and over. The companys staff will always be steadfast in our obligation for the customers service and pleasure. To develop a viable business startup. To develop enough cash flow, pay full wages and also to develop the business. (Biztree,2009). Mission The current environment presents the consumer with a range of options. The business try to be the best option for the customer that provides unique high-quality food, competitive pricing and excellent customer service is the specific nature of the business. By way of reliable and consistent, high quality results the company is committed to providing each customer with value and pleasure. The customer service and profitable growth are the two important cornerstones of the business. As a company needs to be tied to the customer and have fervor for the product supplied with the bid to improve continuously and enhancing the experience of client. It is important to assess the integrity, honesty to change, individual excellence, constructive self-criticism combined with mutual respect between the business, the purchaser and the supplier. The goal is to provide high quality food and beverages at a competitive price but valuable achieving the goal of becoming the best business services class in the city functioning as a socially responsible company (Entrepreneur Media, 2009). Key to Success The key to success at this business includes commitment to quality and customer satisfaction. The corporation will be responsible for ensuring a high grade of professionalism in three ways: Create a unique business that will be different from the rest of the competition Consistent fulfillment of the customer expectations. Competitive pricing for the quality and array of services which offered. A fair and reasonable but also satisfactory profit on each event (West Alan, 1998). Company Summary Athens will be a new corporation which plans to market in the growing market of restaurants. The company will provide to the client a combination of excellent and quality food and beverages in good price in a friendly atmosphere where the customer feels always welcome. The business will provide excellent customer services and the major purpose of business is the economic success of the corporation that should be good enough to give a reasonable profit from any product or service provide. Company Ownership Athens will be established as a partnership. The property will be divided to 50% Leandros Leandrou and 50% to Kypros Ellinas. Both owners have a great interest and experience in cooking, especially in Greek cuisine and generally in the food industry. Start Up Summary The main expenses of setting up the company are a bank finance that valued at à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 100,000. 00. The company has purchased the site types that will be installed so there is no need to invest in new facilities. ITEM  £ Wet bain barie à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.1.076.00 Gas Cooker ÃŽÂ § 3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.6.240.00 Gas Double Fryerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦4.008.00 Gas Chicken grill With Spitsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..4.864.00 RSI Greece Cold Displayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.1.100.00 RSI Greece Hot Display ÃŽÂ § 2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..1,360.00 Seretides Gas Gill With Grease Trap ÃŽÂ §2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..2.226.00 Shallow Cookpot, 3.60 L X4à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦00.180,88 Shallow Cookpot, 5.60 L X6à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦00.333,90 Medium Cookpot, 12.10 L X4à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦00.406,96 Medium Cookpot, 17.40 L X2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦00.266,08 Deep Cookpot, 11.10 L X4à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..00.295,64 . Deep Cookpot, 22.5 Là ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..00..140,87 Pan1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦00.105,22 Pan2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.00.151,30 Lavatories accessory of bathroom and elements2.541,17 Air condition 2,150.00 Cash machine..3.519.00 Luminous label 00.440,00 Oil paint 40 L à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..00.249,10 Refrigerators..12,500.00 Lawyers expenses.3.300.00 TOTAL  £47,454.12 + Salaries for 1st month9.620,00 + Insurance for 1st month.00.200,00 + Bank Payment..00,450.00 + Tables and Chairs..2,275.88 + Cash start up. 40,000.00 Total Start up Summary  £100,00.00 (Virardi Ltd 2009; Haier Co., Ltd 2008; Peletico Ltd 2007). Budget and Cash Flow Analysis and Budget of Cash Flow Cash flow is the movement of money from and to the company. This circle of meters (inflows/income and flows/payments) is that determines also the economic robustness of each enterprise. Analysis of inflows/ flows is the study of cash inflows and flows of enterprise with final aim the maintenance of sufficient fluidity for her operation. The enterprise can avoid problems of fluidity and improve the cash situation realising analysis in concrete accounts as the receivable and payable accounts or the height of reserves. Management of cash flow is the process at which we check, we analyze and adapt the financier flows. This process presupposes comprehension of complete operation of enterprise as well as her exchange circuit which is achieved via the improvement of processes. Creating a budget of cash flow: We can forecast the source and the use of meters of enterprise for future periods. We can realise by any chance future problem of fluidity so that the enterprise proceeds in time in corrective movements. The movements can include time shift of concrete transactions (postponement of payments or more rapid income) Having it creates budget of meters we can we realise whether we will need in future lending as well as who will be his height (Universal Business Analytics Ltd, 2010). (See appendix 1) Product and Service The enterprise offers a wide spectrum of foods and drinks products, all from high quality products. Moreover, the enterprise serves all its customers, providing each customer with high quality of foods and drinks. The corporation is able to serves and organizes events like, weddings, christening, meetings and birthday parties. Menu The menu will include a variety of products that will create a unique restaurant. Supply of food will include advanced kitchen skills and allow the customer a choice of hot and cold dishes to suit the customer. Company Location The business will be located in Buxton area. The aforementioned place consists advantage for the business, because is just fourteen minutes away from the big city of Manchester. That will be an opportunity for the corporation to attract people from Manchester, and also is an opportunity to servant its business network. Some information for Buxton Buxton is on the edge of the Peak District National Park, the first National Park to be designated in Britain. It lies between the cities of Manchester, Sheffield, and Derby. Buxton is near by large town Macclesfield. Buxton is just about 25 miles from the big city of Manchester. Buxton is 10 miles west of Bake well, 10 miles east of Macclesfield and 15 miles of Stockport. Buxton offers a wide range of shops in the Spring Gardens Shopping Centre, the High Street and the Cavendish Arcade. Buxton Opera House, Buxton Museum Art Gallery (Innkeeper, 2000). Service and staff The company to obtain and maintain a beautiful picture quality of the company will train the staff of the company. The staff is the mirror of company that enhances and reflects the properties of the company. All staff members will have to undergo a training program that will adjust the staff requirements and company policy. In this way the company will produce higher goods and services, we may discuss the problems of business and also be more convenient approach to the type of work required. Also educating the staff will achieve less staff supervision, greater production. Consistency and staying firm at the same high standards is the key to success. Organizational Structure The company will set up by two people. Each of the owners will have the right to utter his views and opinions on everything related to business, sales, and product market and on the financial side. Both owners will sign a contract that will ensure an equal share of the profit and loss of funding resources for both owners. The company will set in motion its production processes with ten fit and trained people in the workforce who have experience in this kind of business. The organization of business will be planned and controlled with the following three functional areas: With the excellent production. With the administrative support. With the sales and marketing. The company will be headed by a General Manager who will be has experience in the catering business or restaurants and/or catering companies. The accountant who will be responsible for the financial side of business and also for the payment of staff. Accountant will be recruited from the general manager in which they will communicate constantly. The production staff will consist of at least four employees, headed by the head chef. Four full-time waiters are to be employed by the company and one full time driver. However, this department will likely be significantly expanded in the nearest future, as the increase in the number of orders will necessitate a greater number of employees in production and service. The Product In todays extremely competitive environment, it becomes progressively more difficult to differentiate one restaurant from another. That makes a difference in a restaurant is a different variety and quality products furthermore. The products of company will come from farmers in Greece. The idea of business is the presentation and love of the Greek dishes that are unknown in the region. The restaurants menu consisting of traditional Greek dishes, but also will contain a bit of international cuisine over wanting to attract all kind of customers were interested in buying an excellent dish. The environment of the work will be decorated with Greek products and will be painted in the colors of Greece. The customer will enjoy a meal in a friendly and pleasant environment. Employees have the best training available. Both employers have a degree and certification as a cook and waiter as well as experience in cooking and serving. The market Consistent with Australian Food News (Australian Food News, 2009) some of the most famous restaurant chains in the UK market have decided to start working with the food standards agency in order to be able to add the healthy eating on food choices. In a nation where the health harms caused by fast food increased, the require for a more healthy and balanced diet is increased (Food Standard Agency, 2008). As indicated in a report from CBS Evening News (2009) ,the danger of lower-cost foods which are high in salt, sugar and fat, and provides that the financial meltdown will make it worse. This is an strength and advantage for our company which used healthy products for the preparation of food. Target Group Students of University There are a total of 22,966 students attending in the University of Derby. 17,011 of them are students of higher. 2.697 are based in overseas institutions were offered and 3258 are students of secondary school. About 8% of students, about 1,300 students are studying in Buxton campus (National voice of students, 2010). Shoppers and tourists The businesses aimed to attract the people who visit the town or the people who pass their time in Buxton so as to make their purchases, shopping and holiday. The business wants to attract those people especially in the summer when the number of tourists increases because of the festivals and events there are in the summer and because of the weather. During the summer months, the local economy benefits from an influx of tourists who visit the surrounding Peak District region. Buxton also plays host to a number of summer festivals which draw large numbers of visitors too (The full wiki, 2010). Buxton residents The population of Buxton is approximately 21,000 and the business wants to attract as more people is possible (buxtononline, 2011). Marketing Strategy The aim of this stage is to present how the benefits of target market are offered from the produce and product. -Target groups à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Students of the University of Derby/Buxton Campus: Undergraduate, Postgraduate and College Students à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Shoppers and tourists -Goals To develop into the best restaurant in Buxton. To sell up to 100 dishes per day. To attract clients from other cities and regions of the U.K. To become the best choice for the clients. Risk Management Anxiety: The company must realize that something has gone wrong and worry about that. Requirement: It must state an obligation to solve the problem, and put down in minutely of what to do. Control: If the business is in the middle of a main crisis, the principal figures in the business must show that they are in manage of the circumstances and work with any responsible authorities to make sure that it will not happen again the same. (Atkins, D. et al, 2006). Competitors University Bistro, Bistro 44. Bistro is located on campus and is the fastest possible option available for the students. The Bistro offers a variety of choices to students, such as soups, pasta, meat and fish (University of Derby, 2010). The owners of the company as students of the university they know that many students protest about the quality and food prices. Students look forward to the best deals, the freshest quality and most wholesome and healthy food. Actually the business does not have any indirect competitor because it will be the only restaurant with Greek dishes and Greek live music. Promotion In order to promote the business the owners decided to present the food of the restaurant to the people. So they decided that the best way to success this is to promote the food in the road. They will cook some foods of restaurant menu and they will offer them to the people for free of charge. As well the business will be presented by the distribution of flyers. Also by the advertisement in the newspapers and magazines, in the TV, and on radio. Also the business foresees the creation of a website in internet which will include the presentation of the company and some details for the company. Swot Analysis -Strengths Is the first Greek restaurant in Buxton. The menu of the restaurant reflects demand for fresh, healthy and quality food. The restaurant is spotless and neat. The restaurant offer products which is not available somewhere else in the market. The business employs a well-trained staff. -Weaknesses The company has not done any research on clients to see if the company will be successful and profitable The restaurant is new and not recognized. Some clients have to travel further to enjoy the restaurant. -Opportunities The restaurant will promote Greek cuisine. Continue to develop business in other places. -Threats Competition Clients may wish to go in other restaurants to gratify their requirements. The case of food contamination. The operating expenses of the business will rise soon. (Davis, B. Et al, 2008). Pestle Analysis -Political Taxes. -Economic Low set up costs Franchising facilitates set ups The support from important suppliers. The growing market. Perceptible value for the money. Increase of available income. -Social Full of activity and hard lifestyles. Healthy Diet. Increase of vegetarians. -Technological Rhythm of technological change Ordering system via internet. -Legal Consumer laws and regulations Prohibition of smoking. -Environmental Recycling. Cost of transport and delivery of merchandises. David, P. (2007). References: Atkins, D., Bates, I. and Drennan, C. (2006) Reputational Risk: A question of trust. London, United Kingdom, Lessons Professional Publishing Limited. Australian Food News (2009) Fast Food chains work with the UK authorities to improve health of their food [Internet]. Available from: [Accessed: 6 November 2010]. Barrow Paul (2001) The Best-Laid Business Plans, How to write them, how to pitch. Virgin Publishing Ltd, London Biztree. (2009) Business in a Box [Internet]. Available from: [Accessed: 14 November 2010]. Buxton Online. (2011) Buxton Online [Internet]. Available from: [Accessed: 7 November 2010]. CBS Evening News (2009) As U.K. Slumps, Fast Food Business Booms [Internet]. Available from: [Accessed: 8 November 2010]. 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